Definitions

1. A test (also called test suite or test set) is a set of test cases.
2. A test is a statistical procedure to obtain a statement on the truth or falsity of a proposition, on the basis of empirical evidence.
3. A test is available that will evaluate the significance of differences between two correlation coefficients in two samples. (Web site)
4. A test is described for multivariate normality that is useful in pattern recognition.
5. A test is positive if beta strep bacteria are found in the culture.

Proc Freq

1. If you specify the CHISQ option in the EXACT statement, PROC FREQ also displays the exact probability value for this test.
2. In addition to the asymptotic test, PROC FREQ computes the exact test when you specify the LRCHI or CHISQ option in the EXACT statement.

Test Sample

1. Power to determine whether the proband is part of the test sample is good for test samples of 1000 if the reference sample size is large. (Web site)
2. The question is whether the person was part of this test sample from which allele frequencies are available. (Web site)
3. The alternative hypothesis (in, E(b) 0) is that the proband (or a close relative) was part of the test sample. (Web site)

Samples

1. The doctor can also remove tissue samples to test in the lab for diseases of the colon (biopsy). (Web site)
2. In inferential statistics, a test most often used to establish the significance of the difference between the means of two samples of scores.
3. Emergency room staff will take samples of your blood to test for the presence of these enzymes. (Web site)

Sample

1. Simple methods were proposed to test the hypothesis of whether a proband was part of a test sample. (Web site)
2. If, for example, the reference sample were the same size as the test sample, the number of loci would have to be doubled to give the same power. (Web site)
3. This type of cross-validation is useful when no test sample is available and the learning sample is too small to have the test sample taken from it.

Pap Smear

1. A Pap smear is a test for cancer of the cervix.
2. Doctors use this method, now called the Pap test or Pap smear, to examine cells scraped from the surface of the cervix under a microscope. (Web site)
3. The Pap test (sometimes called a Pap smear) is a way to examine cells collected from the cervix (the lower, narrow end of the uterus). (Web site)

Abnormal Pap Test

1. If you have an abnormal Pap test, your health professional may recommend a test that looks at the cervix through a magnifying instrument (colposcopy).
2. For women, if you have an abnormal Pap test, your doctor can do an HPV test that looks for high-risk types of the virus. (Web site)
3. Pregnant women may undergo colposcopy if they have an abnormal Pap test; special precautions, however, must be taken during biopsy of the cervix.

Statistic

1. The value of test statistic z=-1.9845824 appears in our case in cell D24. The rejection rule for this test is z 1.96 from the normal distribution table.
2. An exact (significance) test is a test where all assumptions that the derivation of the distribution of the test statistic is based on are met.
3. Such a test using chi-square as the test statistic is presented. (Web site)

Permutation Test

1. If this is not the case then this test is not valid and other methods, such as a randomization test or permutation test should be used.
2. Fisher's exact test is a commonly used test for evaluating the association between two dichotomous variables, that is a permutation test. (Web site)
3. The reason to do a permutation test is so that we don't need to depend on an assumption about the distribution of the data.

Year

1. A 2006 study indicated that this test can also help predict which patients with dyspnea are at greatest risk of dying within a year from heart failure.
2. His prize included a test in a McLaren Formula One car, which he received at the end of the following year.
3. Everything I�m going to do now, I�m still going to do the Homestead race at the end of the season this year, so we�re going to go test next week. (Web site)

First Test

1. Valentino Rossi led the way for the second day running in Sepang today, concluding the first test of the year on top of the standings.
2. X-ray. A chest X-ray will likely be the first test you have done to confirm the diagnosis of pulmonary edema. (Web site)
3. It is generally considered the case that the second test builds on the first test in a doctrine of equivalents analysis.

Symptoms

1. The doctor monitors your symptoms, heart rate, EKG, and blood pressure throughout the test.
2. The test helps you and your doctor decide which treatment will improve your symptoms and lower your risk for a heart attack. (Web site)
3. Your doctor may ask for a stool sample to test for rotavirus or to rule out bacteria or parasites as the cause of your symptoms. (Web site)

Tests

1. Chi-square A test of statistical significance which tests one measure of how well your model of expected distribution fits the observed distribution.
2. This test is not done very often, because a physical exam and other tests often give enough information about your heart.
3. This test would find polyps only in the rectum, so the doctor may need to do one of the other tests listed below to find polyps higher up in the intestine. (Web site)

Normality

1. Characteristics: This test is an alternative to the independent group t-test, when the assumption of normality or equality of variance is not met. (Web site)
2. Test for normality of the sample distribution is also needed if the sample size is small or it may not be possible to invoke the Central Limit Theorem.
3. Overall, the F test (see also F Distribution) is remarkably robust to deviations from normality (see Lindman, 1974, for a summary).

Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

1. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is designed to test the hypothesis that a given data set could have been drawn from a given distribution.
2. In all cases, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to test for a normal distribution. (Web site)
3. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test The main problem with test is the choice of number and size of the intervals. (Web site)

Goodness-Of-Fit Test

1. The goodness-of-fit test is equivalent to the 2 × 2 contingency table test of diploid genotype counts, as in Table 1. (Web site)
2. The test is known as the chi-square test or the goodness-of-fit test. (Web site)
3. The goodness-of-fit test or the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is constructed by using the critical values of the Kolmogorov distribution. (Web site)

Alternative Hypothesis

1. Alternative Hypothesis The hypothesis, which one accepts when the null hypothesis (the hypothesis under test) is rejected.
2. A statistical test in which the validity of one hypothesis is tested without specification of an alternative hypothesis is called a goodness-of-fit test.
3. Then we can generate samples under the alternative hypothesis, and estimate the power of the test. (Web site)

Small Sample Sizes

1. First, the test can be conservatively applied by using the asymptotic normality of the test statistic, even for small sample sizes.
2. Analysis: Because of the small sample sizes of around 100 seeds per test, we can't be highly confident in the results. (Web site)
3. Note % that the Bera-Jarque test is an asymptotic test, and care should be taken % with small sample sizes.

Wald Test

1. A Wald test is used to test the statistical significance of each coefficient (b) in the model. (Web site)
2. For example, to test the hypothesis that the coefficient on the price term is equal to 2, we will perform a Wald test.
3. Agresti (1996) states that the likelihood-ratio test is more reliable for small sample sizes than the Wald test.

T-Test

1. Hypothesis Testing of Means -- Test a sample mean against a hypothesized value using the t-test.
2. Instead, the paired t-test can be used to test the hypothesis that the mean difference of the pairs is equal to zero. (Web site)
3. AS A COUNTERPART OF T-TEST The Mann-Whitney U test is truly the non parametric counterpart of the two sample t-test.

Sign Test

1. Sign Test is a test of the null hypothesis that the probability of positive values (often these values are differences) is the same as for negative values.
2. The sign test is used to test the null hypothesis and whether or not two groups are equally sized.
3. This only works for test for which the null distribution of the test statistic is symmetric, which is the case for the sign test.

Significance

1. The probability of a type I error is the level of significance of the test of hypothesis, and is denoted by a.
2. The test for independence is a one-tailed test, so a level of significance of.05 corresponds with a 95% confidence level.
3. Suppose the test is done at level of significance a = 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis.

Fisher Exact Test

1. Categorical variables were compared using the 2 test or the Fisher exact test.
2. Though usually employed as a one-tailed test, Fisher exact test of significance may be computed as a two-tailed test as well.
3. Fisher Exact Test -- test for differences in a 2x2 table.

Sigmoidoscopy

1. Sigmoidoscopy is a procedure most often used in screening for colorectal cancer and as a test in diagnosis of possible inflammatory bowel disease.
2. If you're over 50, you should have this test annually during the years when you don't have either a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy to screen for colon cancer. (Web site)
3. Sigmoidoscopy is an effective screening test for colon cancer if you have the procedure done every five years starting at age 50. (Web site)

Screening Test

1. This test, which is simple to do using only a small amount of blood, is sometimes used as a screening test for iron deficiency, especially in children.
2. When used as a screening test for colon cancer, this test is usually done every 10 years. (Web site)
3. This test is recommended for the general population as a screening test to look for colorectal cancer. (Web site)

Hypothesis Test

1. The result of the hypothesis test is a Boolean value that is 0 when you do not reject the null hypothesis, and 1 when you do reject that hypothesis.
2. You use a chi-square test (meaning the distribution for the hypothesis test is chi-square) to determine if there is a fit or not. (Web site)
3. In an hypothesis test using a test statistic, the rejection region is the set of values of the test statistic for which we reject the null hypothesis. (Web site)

Significance Level

1. The significance level of the test (denoted by a) is the probability that a Type I error has been committed.
2. This test provides a small F statistic (3.87) and a significance level that is just barely statistically significant (p =.05).
3. One way to increase the power of a test is to increase (that is, weaken) the significance level. (Web site)

Ecg

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This test is used to measure the rate and regularity of your heartbeat. (Web site)
2. When symptoms appear or start to get worse, a check-up might include an echocardiogram (echo), electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG), or exercise test.
3. In the test, an ECG is done before, during, and after exercising on a treadmill; breathing rate and blood pressure may be measured as well.

Ekg

1. An exercise electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a test that checks for changes in your heart while you exercise. (Web site)
2. Results from an EKG (electrocardiogram), exercise stress test, or other test that suggest you have heart disease. (Web site)
3. Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)—a test that records the heart's activity by measuring electrical currents through the heart muscle.

Accurate Test

1. Diagnosis can be made by barium enema, but direct visualization (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) is the most accurate test. (Web site)
2. Although the colonoscopy is the most accurate test and the one that gastroenterologists recommend, some people choose the sigmoidoscopy.
3. This test is no longer used as the primary diagnostic test for PNH, as flow cytometry is now considered the most accurate test for PNH.

Colonoscopy

1. Before the test: As with colonoscopy, it is very important that the colon and rectum are empty and clean so your doctor can see them during the test.
2. If polyps are found during another type of test, you may still need colonoscopy so the doctor can remove the polyps. (Web site)
3. Another test is a Colonoscopy, which is when the doctor inserts a tiny camera into your colon to take pictures to see if there are any problems there.

Women

1. The test may be used in women with mild Pap test abnormalities, or in women 30 years of age at the time of Pap testing.
2. If Pap smear results are normal for 3 consecutive years, most doctors recommend a Pap test every 2 - 3 years thereafter in most women over 30 years of age.
3. Doctors usually test for the disease in women who have heavy menstrual bleeding. (Web site)

Pap Test

1. When your doctor says that your Pap test was “abnormal,” it means that the test found some cells on your cervix that do not look normal.
2. This test can be used with the Pap test to help your doctor determine next steps in cervical cancer screening. (Web site)
3. Like a Pap test, an HPV test is done on a sample of cells collected from the cervix. (Web site)

Electrocardiogram

1. You may have a chest X-ray and a test called an electrocardiogram (EKG). Blood tests evaluate your blood cell counts and the ability of your blood to clot. (Web site)
2. Heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, electrocardiogram (e-lek"tro-KAR'de-o-gram) (ECG or EKG), and how tired you feel are monitored during the test. (Web site)
3. Electrocardiogram (ECG). In this test, patches with wires (electrodes) are attached to your skin to measure the electrical impulses given off by your heart. (Web site)

Stress Test

1. Stress Test, Cardio-Pulmonary An exercise, usually treadmill, test in which the functionning of the lungs and heart are measured for diagnostic purposes.
2. Echo can be used as part of a stress test and with an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) to help your doctor learn more about your heart.
3. A stress test compares your electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG) while you rest to your EKG during the time and after your heart has been stressed. (Web site)

Statistical Test

1. The power of a statistical test is the probability that the test will reject a false null hypothesis (that it will not make a Type II error). (Web site)
2. A statistical test that can test out ratios is the Chi-Square or Goodness of Fit test.
3. If you want to test the normality assumptions that underlie analysis of variance methods, beware of using a statistical test for normality alone.

P-Value

1. Of course, if the hypothesis is true, then for any significance level (p-value), if we had a large enough sample we could fail the test.
2. The p-value (1 minus the CDF of this distribution at chisq) of the test is returned in pval. (Web site)
3. This function generates a 2-way table of allele counts, then calls chisq.test to compute a p-value for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. (Web site)

Hypothesis

1. The significance level of an hypothesis test is the chance that the test erroneously rejects the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true. (Web site)
2. In regard to a hypothesis test in the linear regression, we have two approaches: confidence interval or test of significance.
3. State the Hypotheses Every hypothesis test requires the analyst to state a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis.

Chi-Square Test

1. First of all, the Chi-square test is only meant to test the probability of independence of a distribution of data.
2. The chi-square test of goodness of fit is used to test the hypothesis that the total sample N is distributed evenly among all levels of the relevant factor.
3. The chi-square test is also referred to as a test of a measure of fit or "goodness of fit" between data. (Web site)

Stool

1. Your doctor may also want you to have a complete blood count (CBC), a liver test, or a stool test.
2. A stool test, such as: A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) every year. (Web site)
3. The stool test for blood (FOBT) checks for hidden or occult blood in the stool.

Fecal Occult Blood Test

1. Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT). This test detects the presence of blood in the stool, which is a warning sign for colorectal cancer.
2. Test for blood in the stool (fecal occult blood test, or FOBT) every year.
3. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT). This is a test used to detect blood in the feces (stool), which can indicate the presence of polyps or cancer.

Test Statistics

1. A random permutation test compares the value of the test statistic for the original data to the distribution of test statistics when the data are permuted.
2. The statistical significance of test statistics is assessed by estimating their distribution using stratified randomization.
3. The distribution of many test statistics is normal or follows some form that can be derived from the normal distribution. (Web site)

Test Statistic

1. A t - test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t distribution if the null hypothesis is true.
2. Therefore, you could complete this test in the following way: The value of the test statistic in the sample is.731.
3. In a hypothesis test, comparison of the value of a test statistic with the appropriate critical value determines the result of the test.

Homogeneity

1. If you are interested in variation differences, then you should test for homogeneity of variances. (Web site)
2. Cochran's Q statistic is used to test the homogeneity of the one-dimensional margins.
3. Test for Homogeneity of Variances Levene's test (Levene 1960) is used to test if k samples have equal variances.

Groups

1. So, instead of testing for differences between two samples, statistical tests are designed to test the hypothesis that there is no difference between groups. (Web site)
2. No evidence was found of a difference in median ulcer area between the groups (1.2 cm 2 overlay v 1.1 cm 2 mattress, P = 0.98, Mann-Whitney U test). (Web site)
3. Test the claim that there is a difference in the means of the two groups.

Method

1. The method was so certain to work that no test was carried out before the bomb was dropped over Hiroshima.
2. We test our method on data from six volunteers and four patients. (Web site)
3. The primary problem with this one method of medical research is that it was clearly developed to test the effectiveness of drugs. (Web site)

Analysis

1. The test for significance of regression in the case of multiple linear regression analysis is carried out using the analysis of variance.
2. The test is based on an analysis of variance using the ranks of the data across categories of the row factor.
3. The analysis of the function of the different direct targets will allow us to test the validity of this model. (Web site)

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