Definitions

1. Routing information is exchanged between Level 1 routers and other Level 1 routers, and Level 2 routers only exchange information with other Level 2 routers.
2. Routing information is exchanged between autonomous systems via the BGP protocol.
3. Routing information is then propagated by the adjacent routers to their neighbors and thus to the entire network.
4. Routing information is advertised between a pair of BGP neighbors in update messages.
5. Routing information is condensed at area boundaries.

Message

1. However, a routing information message may attain its maximum lifetime in a route server that is separated from a internetwork for a long period of time.
2. The flooding procedure terminates when all reachable route servers in an internetwork receive a copy of the routing information message.

Section

1. Refer to the " Redistribute Routing Information " section in this chapter for information about configuring redistribution between NLSP and Enhanced IGRP.
2. For information about filtering RIP information, see the " Filter Routing Information " section later in this chapter.
3. Such, a gateway would need to convey routing information via EGP. Details of the ISI network configuration are discussed in Section 5.2.

Routing Tables

1. When all the routers on the network have the correct routing information in their routing tables, the network has converged.
2. Routing protocols: facilitate the exchange of routing information between networks, allowing routers to build routing tables dynamically.
3. When all the routers on the internetwork have the correct routing information in their routing tables, the internetwork has converged.

Change

1. Dynamic IP routers have routing tables that change automatically based on the exchange of routing information with other routers.
2. Any change in routing information is flooded to all routers in the network.
3. This will change the way that BGP distributes routing information among the I-BGP peers.

Sending

1. Often the next hop is implied as the router that is sending the routing information.

Sender

1. Each time a sender receives a "Can't Fragment" ICMP messages it will update the routing information (where it stores the PMTUD).
2. The sender may in turn propagate this more recent routing information message to other policy gateways and route servers.

Broadcasts

1. The RIP protocol regularly broadcasts routing information to other routers on the network.
2. RIP is a distance vector protocol that routinely broadcasts routing information to its neighboring routers and is known to waste bandwidth.
3. A routing process listens to updates from other routers on these networks and broadcasts its own routing information on those same networks.

Clients

1. DNS and routing information allows clients to fully integrate themselves into the network they are connected to without needing any manual configuration.
2. If this results in any change to the routing information for a registered address, the corresponding client or clients are notified.

Manner

1. As a result, the ZRP exchanges routing information for individual hosts in the same manner as routing information for routers.
2. In this manner, the routing information is stored in the routing tables, such as 31, of the routers 11 of the packet routing network.
3. Related to the local router in this manner, the routing information protocol datum is herein called a local routing information protocol datum.

Incorrect

1. This could be used, as an example, to filter out possibly incorrect routing information from routers not under your administrative control.
2. For example, RIP implements the split horizon and holddown mechanisms to prevent incorrect routing information from being propagated.
3. For example, the area border routers and autonomous system border routers will still be able to inject incorrect routing information.

Subnet Mask

1. In order to support CIDR, routers must be able to exchange routing information in the form of {Network ID, Subnet Mask} pairs.

Connectivity

1. It periodically checks links for connectivity and for the data integrity of routing information.
2. When an active PVC becomes inactive, the router reflects the lost connectivity in its routing information database.

Ensuring

1. The EGP serves as a translator for ensuring that external routing information gets successfully interpreted inside each AS network.
2. Also, OSPF uses a reliable protocol to exchange routing information, ensuring that lost LSU packets are retransmitted.

Seconds

1. Each router sends routing information updates every 30 seconds; this process is termed advertising.
2. RIPv2 achieves stability by sending out routing packets every 30 seconds, regardless of whether any routing information has changed.
3. The Cisco IOS software sends routing information updates every 30 seconds; this process is termed advertising.

Vrf

1. In general, a VRF includes the routing information that defines a customer VPN site that is attached to a PE router.
2. In general, a VRF includes the routing information that defines a customer VPN site that is attached to a provider edge (PE) router.

Interfaces

1. Hedrick [Page 16] RFC 1058 Routing Information Protocol June 1988 Any host that uses RIP is assumed to have interfaces to one or more networks.
2. A good example of policy based routing based on the distribution of routing information is the NSFNET with its interfaces to mid- level networks [1], [2].

Hop Count

1. RTMP is based on the Routing Information Protocol (RIP); as with RIP, RTMP uses hop count as a routing metric.
2. Routing Information Protocol is a distance vector protocol used for interior gateway routing which uses hop count as the sole metric of a path's cost.

Metric

1. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector protocol that uses hop count as its metric.
2. Traditional distance vector protocols exchanged routing information in the form of a destination and a metric.

Payload

1. No matter what "delivery protocol" carries routing information, the payload is network layer management information.
2. With the message a payload of routing information is bundled.

Areas

1. This option is very useful on well designed networks in reducing the amount of routing information propagated between areas.
2. Also, Internal Routers (those which only have interfaces in one area) don't have routing information about other areas.
3. This is because all other areas inject routing information into area 0, which in turn disseminates that information to other areas.

Subnet

1. When route summarization is disabled, the software transmits subnet and host routing information across classful network boundaries.
2. Disable summarization (RIP version 2 only) to advertise subnet and host routing information to classful network boundaries.
3. Within the subnetted network, each subnet is Hedrick [Page 21] RFC 1058 Routing Information Protocol June 1988 treated as an individual network.

Exterior Router

1. NOTE: An exterior router hides a network by excluding the routing information for that network from RI-Rsp, RI-Upd, GZN-Rsp, and GDZL- Rsp packets.
2. It sends these advertisements to the core routers, which then readvertise their collected routing information to the exterior router.

Tunnel

1. An exterior router sends only split-horizoned routing information to other exterior routers on the tunnel.
2. However, exterior router B must assume that the tunnel is fully connected, and that exterior routers A and C can exchange routing information.
3. Once a tunnel is established, routers at the tunnel endpoints can establish routing adjacencies and exchange routing information.

Attribute

1. This attribute identifies the autonomous systems through which routing information carried in this UPDATE message has passed.
2. Operation A BGP speaker may use this attribute to control which routing information it accepts, prefers or distributes to other neighbors.

Switch

1. Using RIP, the switch sends routing information updates (advertisements) every 30 seconds.
2. In the phone network, a switch need not keep detailed routing information about every possible subscriber in a distant area code.

Node

1. A unique number that identifies each node on a network and to specify routing information.
2. A route query is initiated, on demand, when a node requires routing information that is not immediately available in its routing table.
3. In proactive protocols, every node maintains the network topology information in the form of routing tables by periodically exchanging routing information.

Nodes

1. In proactive protocols, each node maintains network connectivity and up-to-date routing information to all the nodes in the network.
2. Each BGP session takes place exactly between two nodes, where two routers exchange routing information dynamically, over TCP port 179.
3. Some of these nodes have a limited capability to store and exchange routing information (limited to about 700 networks).

Filtering

1. This behavior allows filtering of networks according to the IP address of the router supplying the routing information.
2. See the discussion on filtering in the " Filter Routing Information " section later in this chapter.

Data

1. The network layer is responsible for routing and must add its routing information to the data.
2. As with most telecommunication signaling methods, it uses routing information to direct the payload of voice or data to its destination.
3. When it arrives at the originator, it contains complete routing information and the originator can send its data with that information attached.

Path

1. It automatically and dynamically distributes routing information, enabling any switch to determine a path within the network.
2. Such packet forwarding provides freedom from forwarding loops, even when routers in a path have inconsistent routing information.
3. AS path length gauges the number of autonomous systems that this routing information has traveled through.

Propagation

1. This allows for the propagation of the routing information across the network and prevents the formation of routing loops.
2. AURP implements multipoint tunneling by providing mechanisms for data encapsulation and the propagation of routing information to specific routers.
3. Those of type automatic are created through propagation of routing information from another routing protocol.

Administrative

1. For an example of filtering on sources of routing information, see the section " Administrative Distance Examples " later in this chapter.
2. When administrative distance is specified, the router can select between sources of routing information based on the reliability of the source.
3. An administrative distance of 255 means the routing information source cannot be trusted at all and should be ignored.

Address

1. In that case, the routing information consists of just an IP address and a subnet mask.
2. Each IP datagram carries a destination IP address (complete routing information) and is therefore transported independently.
3. A signaling system where network information such as address and routing information are handled externally to the actual communications (voice) path.

Internet Protocol

1. Border Gateway Protocol, an Internet protocol that enables groups of routers to share routing information so efficient, loop-free routes can be established.
2. See also EPROM. Exterior Gateway Protocol.Internet protocol for exchanging routing information between autonomous systems.
3. A protocol of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for exchanging routing information about Internet Protocol (IP) networks and subnets.

Distribution

1. Concerns: Policy based routing information distribution does not address packet based filtering.
2. BGP supports policy-based routing based on the controlled distribution of routing information.
3. Adjacencies control the distribution of routing information; routing updates are sent and received only on adjacencies.

Domains

1. The domains share information, but do not rely on any one system to provide all routing information.
2. It may also be used to retrieve routing information from domains that restrict distribution of their routing information.

Hosts

1. ICMP Redirect is a mechanism for routers to convey routing information to hosts.
2. In addition, you should display the routing information with route to see if both hosts have the correct routing entry.
3. This RFC describes an existing protocol for exchanging routing information among gateways and other hosts.

Destination

1. When the setup packet reaches the destination, an accept message is propagated back hop by hop, and each BR en route activates its routing information.
2. A router can find best route to the destination by exchanging the routing information.
3. Floating static routes allow you to switch to another path whenever routing information for a destination is lost.

Update

1. BGP is a routing protocol, which means that it is used to update routing information between major systems.
2. The term Vector-Distance refers to a class of algorithms that gateways use to update routing information.
3. To share routing information, the type of message that CE1 uses is the BGP "Update" message, whose format FIG. 4's second row depicts.

Paths

1. BGP enforces policies by affecting the selection of paths from multiple alternatives and by controlling the redistribution of routing information.
2. Interval (in seconds) during which routing information regarding better paths is suppressed.

Forwarding

1. Routers gather and maintain routing information to enable the forwarding of data packets.
2. Routing information, including routes, route distinguishers, and routing policies, is stored in a VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) table.
3. CEF manages route distribution and forwarding by distributing routing information from the route processor (RP) to the individual Ethernet interface modules.

Traceroute Program

1. Traceroute program; useful to view the routing information of a Web site (informations displayed: IP address, response time, hostname and country).

Internet

1. In order to provide connectivity across Internet, each AS must manage its own routing information as well as exchange routing information with other ASes.
2. The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the routing protocol used to exchange routing information across the Internet.
3. RIP is used on the Internet and is common in the NetWare environment as a method for exchanging routing information between routers.

Internet Routing Tables

1. This is necessary to permit the aggregation of routing information by ISPs, and to limit the expansion of Internet routing tables.

Eigrp

1. Each Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) routing process provides routing information to only one autonomous system.
2. Distance vector-protocols such as RIP or EIGRP modify the next-hop as soon as they pass the routing information to other devices.
3. EIGRP sends triggered updates whenever there is a change in topology that influences the routing information.

Fast Convergence

1. BGP uses incremental updates and sends out routing information about unreachable routes quickly for fast convergence.
2. Fast convergence minimizes the chance of lost packets caused by inaccurate routing information.
3. The SPF algorithm enables routing information to be quickly recalculated if routers go down, a feature called Fast Convergence.

Categories

1. Computers > Internet > Routing > Routers
2. Autonomous System
3. Bgp
4. Rip
5. Information Technology > Computers > Internet > Protocol

Related Keywords

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