Definitions

1. Once encrypted, the data is secure from unauthorized access, since anyone who does not know the key cannot decrypt the data.
2. Once encrypted, the only way to decrypt the message is to use the matching private key, which is kept by the creator of the keys.
3. Once encrypted, the cyphertext cannot be decrypted except by the one who holds the private key of that key pair.
4. When encrypted, the message looks like a meaningless jumble of random characters.
5. When encrypted, the scrambled text is stored directly in the configuration file.

Encrypted Contents

1. In order to decrypt the encrypted contents, the content player needs to retrieve the keys from the secure device 8.
2. The user can freely copy or move the encrypted contents.
3. Since encrypted contents can be circulated or distributed freely, the user device 110 can freely transmit the encrypted content to the user device 150.

Encrypted Values

1. It protects passwords by hiding their encrypted values from unprivileged users.

Encrypted Value

1. CBC Mode. In cipher block chaining (CBC) mode, the plaintext is first XOR 'ed with the encrypted value of the previous block.
2. The initialization vector affects the encrypted value of the first block.
3. This is because the encrypted value can be used against you (remember, only you could have done the encryption because only you have the private key).

Encrypted Volumes

1. For encrypted volumes, they encrypt and decrypt data as it flows from and to the storage nodes in the system.
2. Create encrypted Volumes up to 2,000 Gigs in size.
3. First off, you can "hide" the encrypted volumes, so other users don't even know that they exist.

Encrypted Volume

1. That is to say, once the program is started and an encrypted volume is unlocked, the user cannot even tell that the files they are accessing are encrypted.
2. Creates an encrypted volume that looks and feels just like another Windows Mobile card, only that all data written to this "card" is automatically encrypted.
3. For example, users worried about forgetting their passkeys can create rescue media that will grant them access to an encrypted volume if needed.

Sender

1. Step 10. The Sender then uses e-mail to send the encrypted message to the Receiver.
2. It contrasts with end-to-end encryption where messages are encrypted by the sender at the point of origin and only decrypted by the intended receiver.
3. However, if chaining is to extend beyond packet boundaries, both the sender and receiver must agree on the order the packets were encrypted.
4. In this case, a one-way hash of a message is encrypted with the private key of the sender.

Original Message

1. At first the cryptosystem sometimes failed to decrypt a message back to the original message even though the message was encrypted correctly.
2. Deficiencies of ECB Problems when the original message contains regular data patterns, because always encrypted in the same way.
3. Anyone who intercepts the encrypted message without password will not be able to read original message.

Secure Sockets

1. What is SSL? Secure Sockets Layer, SSL, is the standard security technology for creating an encrypted link between a web server and a browser.
2. Compare IPSec, encrypted packets, with Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), which encrypts a single application layer session.
3. Web servers and web browsers rely on the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol to enable encrypted communications.

Ssl

1. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) -- A protocol designed by Netscape Communications to enable encrypted, authenticated communications across the Internet.
2. The Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol secures the network communication and allows data to be encrypted before transmission and provides security.
3. Secure Socket Layer (SSL) A protocol that allows communication between a Web browser and a server to be encrypted for privacy.

Folders

1. The other feature is encrypted volume which is used to store any files or folders to be encrypted by putting it within the volume.
2. Once you encrypt a file or folder, you work with the encrypted file or folder just as you do with any other files and folders.
3. Files and folders are encrypted with a strong encryption algorithm, using a combination of a unique user key and the password.

Encrypted Folder

1. One method is to use Windows Explorer to create a file inside an encrypted folder.

Folder

1. If you encrypt a folder, all files and subfolders created in the encrypted folder are automatically encrypted.
2. When you wish to encrypt individual files, copy them to an encrypted folder or encrypt the file "in place", and then securely wipe the disk volume.
3. If you move anything out of the encrypted folder, the encryption remains.
4. Always create new files, or copy existing plaintext files, into an encrypted folder when the data is extremely sensitive.

Sensitive Data

1. CHAOS Universal hides secret information in sound, image, and text files (BMP, WAV, TXT, HTML). This sensitive data is being encrypted beforehand.
2. It provides for the transmission in encrypted form to provide security for sensitive data.
3. Do not assume that encrypted files will protect your sensitive data if you enter your password into a compromised computer.

Encrypting

1. Alternatives include encrypting scanned files and drivers that only allow access to encrypted files, and so on.
2. Send your encrypted files by email, simply by encrypting and attaching.
3. Payload super-encryption is allowed; that is, encrypting a payload that has already been encrypted, perhaps more than once.
4. This overhead is most noticeable when short messages are encrypted because PGP compresses the plaintext before encrypting it.

Digital Rights Management Component

1. At block 405, the digital rights management component 5 determines the access unit size value of an access unit to be encrypted.
2. At block 465, the digital rights management component 5 transmits the encrypted digital content to the client device.
3. The digital rights management component 5 also transmits the decryption key to decrypt the encrypted digital content.

Ecb Mode

1. If exactly one block is to be encrypted, that block is simply encrypted with AES (also known as ECB mode).
2. In ECB mode (see Figure 2.2), each plaintext block is encrypted independently with the block cipher.
3. This initialization vector is then encrypted with 128-bit AES in ECB mode.

Master Key

1. No table columns in the database can be encrypted until the master key of the server has been set.
2. When not in use, the master key is encrypted with a passphrase (known to the authorised user) and stored in a memory of the device.
3. The individual sector keys are stored on disk and encrypted with a master key.
4. There are plans to write a tool that stores the master key on disk and encrypted so it can be unlocked using a passphrase.

Decryption

1. When a message is encrypted, the key required for decryption is the same as they key that was used for encyption.
2. This class attaches the parameters used for sealing (encryption) to the encrypted object contents, and uses the same parameters for unsealing (decryption).
3. Once a user has specified that a file should be encrypted, the actual process of data encryption and decryption is completely transparent to the user.
4. In addition, decryption usually can only be done on the computer where the data was encrypted.

Public Key

1. The hash of the data is then encrypted with the private key that corresponds to the public key in the certificate being presented to the server.
2. Data is encrypted using the public key or another key secured using the public key, and cannot be decrypted whilst the device is operating in this mode.
3. This public key ensures that the information is encrypted in such a way that the vendor need only enter in their private key to decrypt the information.
4. The data, encrypted by a first key, which can be a symmetric key or a public key, is virtually encrypted twice using another key as the conversion key.
5. The recipient, upon receiving the message and the signature, decrypts the signature (encrypted hash) using the public key of the sender.

Corresponding Private Key

1. The session key has been encrypted by the a public key and only its corresponding private key can decrypt it.
2. Information that is encrypted with the public key can be decrypted only with the corresponding private key.
3. Messages are encrypted with the recipient's public key and can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key.
4. A message that is encrypted with a public key can only be decrypted by the corresponding private key.

Attacker

1. Once an attacker recovers two ciphertexts that are encrypted with the same key stream, he or she can perform statistical analysis to recover the plaintext.
2. Even if there is a collision, these values only affect T, which is encrypted so that an attacker cannot deduce any information, or detect any collision.
3. If an attacker can easily gain access to a key or set of keys, encrypted data may be compromised without the need for sophisticated cryptanalysis.
4. When files are encrypted, user data cannot be read even if an attacker has physical access to the computer's data storage.
5. An attacker is able to read message content off the network because it is not encrypted.

Plain Text

1. Plain text - (clear text) the readable data or message before it is encrypted.
2. In cryptography, plain text refers to any message that is not encrypted.
3. It is similar to the ECB mode in that each block of plain text is encrypted independently, rather than with the results of a previous set of rounds.

Cipher Text

1. The source operand may be 128-bits of plaintext to be encrypted using the key or 128-bits of cipher text to be decrypted using the key.
2. After the data has been encrypted into cipher text, PGP encrypts the session key.
3. Before each plain text block is encrypted, it is combined with the cipher text of the previous block by a bitwise exclusive OR operation.
4. As one user enters data on the web page and begins encryption, where all the items entered by the user are encrypted into cipher text.

Unencrypted

1. Most commonly used are HTTP (for easy, unencrypted transfers) or HTTPs (for encrypted transfers).
2. For example, HTTP transfers data in a plurality of data packets, which may be encrypted or unencrypted.
3. This means that if an encrypted document is unencrypted in a compressed folder it will be in a normal state, (not encrypted nor compressed).
4. This data is also sent unencrypted, unless a session key has been negotiated previously in the Session Key Negotiation phase, in which case it is encrypted.
5. Data traveling between the client and the TOR network is encrypted, but the data between the TOR network and websites is unencrypted.

Cryptanalyst

1. The cryptanalyst not only has access to the ciphertext and associated plaintext for several messages, but he also chooses the plaintext that gets encrypted.
2. The cryptanalyst has the ciphertext of several messages, all of which have been encrypted using the same encryption algorithm.
3. Chosen Plaintext Attacks A form of cryptanalysis where the cryptanalyst may choose the plaintext to be encrypted.

Secret Key

1. To read an encrypted file, you must have access to a secret key or password that enables you to decrypt it.
2. MACs. Essentially, a MAC (message authentication code) acts like a message digest, except that it is encrypted with a secret key.
3. Each secret key is also encrypted with its own password, in case it gets stolen.
4. The passphrase to unlock your secret key, or to decrypt a symmetrically-encrypted message; the usage depends on how the message is encrypted.
5. The cryptanalyst chooses the plaintext to be encrypted and analyzes the plaintext together with the resultant ciphertext to derive the secret key.

Ciphertext Block

1. In CBC (cipher block chaining) mode, each 64-bit plaintext block is XORed with the previous ciphertext block before being encrypted with the DES key.
2. Then for successive blocks, the previous ciphertext block is XORed with the current plaintext, before it is encrypted.
3. A ciphertext block is generated from the thus encrypted portion of the masked plaintext block and the remaining portion of the masked plaintext block.

Initialization Vector

1. The calculated initialization vector to be used to encrypt the block of data is derived from the string of data in the stride to be encrypted.
2. The initialization vector is combined with the first plain text block by a bitwise exclusive OR operation before the block is encrypted.
3. In CFB mode the initialization vector is encrypted and the output is then xor'd with the plaintext stream.
4. CBC requires an IV (Initialization Vector) that does not need to be secret but just different for any message that is encrypted with the same key.

Efs

1. When encrypting files with EFS - when converting plaintext files to encrypted files - the plaintext files are not wiped, but simply deleted.
2. EFS in Windows 2000 cannot function without a recovery agent, so there is always someone who can decrypt encrypted files of the users.
3. Files encrypted by EFS, however, appear as unintelligible characters when the attacker does not have the decryption key.

Decrypting

1. For example, the data to be encrypted or decrypted, keying material, and direction of operation (encrypting or decrypting) for encryption algorithms.
2. Further, it is impossible for most software or people to estimate the actual cost of decrypting a message that is encrypted with a key of a particular size.
3. In Windows 2000, the local administrator is the default Data Recovery Agent, capable of decrypting all files encrypted with EFS by any local user.
4. Figure 2. Encrypting and decrypting a message When a message is encrypted, an encryption key is used.

Encryption Keys

1. To store the base data key on the cartridge, it must be encrypted or wrapped with one or more encryption keys (a.k.a.
2. A Data Decryption Field (DDF) stores encrypted information about all the file encryption keys in the file header in an encrypted file.
3. When an organization restores a database that contains encrypted data, it must have the encryption keys that were used to encrypt the stored data.
4. It will be appreciated that data can be encrypted using one encryption key or multiple encryption keys, using one or more encryption algorithms.
5. Encryption keys are stored on the disk in a lockbox that is encrypted using the user's login password.

Encryption Key

1. The data is encrypted in Server 2 by means of an encryption key (Key 2) that Server 2 generates.
2. The data on the DVD is encrypted so that it can only be decoded and viewed using an encryption key, which the DVD Consortium kept secret.
3. By design, the only one who has access to the secret data is the person who encrypted it and therefore knows the encryption key or password.

User

1. Encryption is transparent to the user who encrypted the file; the system automatically decrypts the file or folder when the user accesses.
2. However, the user cannot use the new private key to decrypt data previously encrypted with the public key contained in the expired certificate.
3. This worm made no attempt at secrecy; it was not encrypted and sent mail to every user on the system.
4. The key is encrypted under the current user, so any other program running under the user can obtain their private key with a single function call.
5. After a user has been authenticated, sensitive data can be encrypted to prevent eavesdropping (see cryptography).

Authenticated

1. Finally, the client sends an authenticated and encrypted Finished message, containing a hash and MAC over the previous handshake messages.
2. SIV takes a key, a plaintext, and a vector of data which will be authenticated but not encrypted.
3. In transport mode, the higher layer header and data, as well as ESP trailer information, is encrypted and the entire ESP packet is authenticated.

Symmetric Key

1. The KMP encrypts the key with the shared key (step 1112) and outputs the encrypted symmetric key (step 1114).
2. Returns a block of data containing two PGP packets: the encrypted symmetric key and the encrypted data.
3. The trusted source encrypts the symmetric key using a symmetric key of the sending party and delivers the encrypted symmetric key to the sending party.
4. Both the encrypted content and encrypted symmetric key are then sent to the recipient.
5. The encrypted symmetric key has been encrypted using the RSA algorithm and a public key known as “John Doe Public Key”.

Encrypted Form

1. Typically, the data is encrypted at the transmitting station utilizing a unique key, and transmitted in its encrypted form.
2. Ciphertext (data in encrypted form) bears roughly the same resemblance to plaintext (data in its original form) as a hamburger does to a T-bone steak.
3. Those algorithms take a block of data as input, process them with a key and output the same amount of data in encrypted form.

Plaintext Block

1. In CBC mode a plaintext block is first XORed with the previous ciphertext block and then encrypted to obtain the ciphertext.
2. Each plaintext block is combined with the ciphertext of the previous block by a bitwise-XOR operation before it is encrypted.
3. Before each plaintext block is encrypted, it is combined with the cipher text of the previous block via a bitwise XOR operation.
4. The lengthened plaintext block is then encrypted using Key 1 and AES encryption to produce the ciphertext.

Xored

1. Basically, in cipher block chaining, each plaintext block is XORed (see XOR) with the immediately previous ciphertext block, and then encrypted.
2. Each plaintext block, before being encrypted normally by DES (as in ECB mode) is XORed with the previous ciphertext block.
3. In CBC mode (see Figure 2.3), each plaintext block is XORed with the previous ciphertext block and then encrypted.
4. Plaintext is XORed with the previous ciphertext block before it is encrypted.
5. The cipher text is then encrypted to generate the next 64 bits to be xored (incrementally) with the next 64 bits of plain text.

Encrypted Ciphertext

1. A stream of plaintext bits flows in one side, and a stream of encrypted ciphertext flows out the other.
2. In the preferred embodiment, the encrypted ciphertext is signed by the originator to authenticate the information.
3. Thus, {msg} A is an encrypted ciphertext, and {msg} a is a signed message.

Ciphertext

1. Decryption is the reverse process, of recovering the original plaintext message from the encrypted ciphertext through the use of a key.
2. No!!!! We have no access whatsoever to your data - all that is transferred to our servers is encrypted ciphertext - (unrecognisable rubbish essentially).
3. Plaintext can not be deduced from properly encrypted ciphertext.
4. You pass it the plaintext to encrypt (and a salt, which strengthens the encryption), and it returns the encrypted ciphertext.

Encrypted Session Key

1. The cipher text and encrypted session key are then transmitted to the recipient.
2. Both the encrypted ciphertext and the encrypted session key are sent to the recipient.
3. A string of octets that is the encrypted session key.
4. The system encrypts the session key with a password belonging to a user using the symmetric encryption mechanism to produce an encrypted session key.

Session Keys

1. Session keys are encrypted with the public key algorithm, and then the bulk of data is encrypted with a conventional block cipher.
2. After the client and server agree on a pair of session keys, the server returns a SERVER-VERIFY message with the encrypted form of the CHALLENGE-DATA.
3. The data is encrypted using a pair of session keys chosen for just that message.

Session Key

1. In essence they create a random secret key (AES, DES, DESede etc) and encrypt this with RSA and write this encrypted session key to the output file.
2. Algorithm 5.5.1 (BFdecrypt): decrypts an encrypted session key using a private key.
3. A digital envelope comprises an encrypted message and an encrypted session key.
4. The session key is encrypted with the hard-coded login server's 1536-bit RSA key to form an encrypted session key.
5. In step 408, the current session key is encrypted with the public key of each authenticated site to create an encrypted session key for each site.

First Plaintext Block

1. The initialization vector is combined with the first plaintext block by a bitwise XOR operation before the block is encrypted.
2. The IV is XORed with the first plaintext block before it is encrypted.

Stream

1. A stream of plaintext (unencrypted) bits flows in one side, and a stream of ciphertext (encrypted) bits flows out the other.
2. For decryption, cipher message data is XORed with the encrypted A stream to produce the plaintext message data stream.
3. For data encryption, plaintext message data is XORed with the encrypted A stream to produce a cipher message data stream.
4. I have to encrypt a stream of data but cannot wait until each block is full and ready to be encrypted.

Encrypted Communication

1. SSL, Secure Sockets Layer, is a standardized way of encrypted communication that has been deployed to protect many protocols.
2. Exchanging public keys is the first step that two users contemplating encrypted communication need to do.
3. Basically, quantum encryption is not really encryption and it does not solve most of the problems of encrypted communication.

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2. Information Technology > Computers > Software > Key
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4. Encyclopedia of Keywords > Society > Security > Password
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