Definitions

1. Cytokines, a type of protein found in the nervous system, are also part of the body's immune system, the body's shield for fighting off disease. (Web site)
2. Cytokines are produced by cells of the liver and immune system in response to infection or cell damage. (Web site)
3. Cytokines are a group of molecules that are released by many different cells to communicate with other cells and regulate the duration of an immune response. (Web site)
4. Cytokines are small proteins that can influence the behavior of white blood cells. (Web site)
5. Cytokines are an integral component of the inflammatory response in ulcerative colitis and their reduction may confer protection. (Web site)

Leading

1. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are released at sites of local inflammation, leading to activation of the endothelium and initiation of the coagulation cascade.

Variety

1. Cytokines can be released in response to a variety of irritants and can modulate the perception of pain. (Web site)
2. Symptom improvement coincided with a quick and sustained reduction in a variety of inflammatory cytokines involved in disease biology. (Web site)

Site

1. In response to an infection, inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 are generated at the site of infection. (Web site)

Pathology

1. Various inflammatory processes and cytokines may also have a role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. (Web site)

Lipid

1. Lipid A is known to react at the surfaces of macrophages causing them to release cytokines that mediate the pathophysiological response to endotoxin.
2. We found inactivated B. pertussis cells to be stronger inducers of proinflammatory cytokines in THP-1-derived macrophages when lipid A was modified. (Web site)

Psoriasis

1. Effects of cyclosporine on cytokines and cytokine receptors in psoriasis.

Pulp

1. A variety of cytokines have been observed in the pulp. (Web site)

Mechanisms

1. Many of these mechanisms are under the control of extracellular mediators or cytokines, including growth factors. (Web site)

Actions

1. The actions of these cytokines may explain why obesity influences fibrosis development in patients with chronic hepatitis C (105). (Web site)
2. On the other hand, excessive production or actions of cytokines can lead to pathologic consequences (22, 30).

Influence

1. Future prospective controlled trials on the use of beta blockers for septic cardiomyopathy and their influence on proinflammatory cytokines are warranted. (Web site)

Predominance

1. In situ nucleic acid hybridization of cytokines in primary biliary cirrhosis: predominance of the Th1 subset. (Web site)

Chronic Heart Failure

1. Muscular levels of proinflammatory cytokines correlate with a reduced expression of insulinlike growth factor-I in chronic heart failure. (Web site)
2. Inflammatory cytokines and the possible immunological role for lipoproteins in chronic heart failure.

Microglia

1. Inflammatory stimulus, such as LPS, has diverse effects on the cells of the CNS. Thus, astrocytes and microglia have been shown to secrete cytokines. (Web site)

Poems Syndrome

1. In conclusion, POEMS syndrome is a complex syndrome characterized by elevations in VEGF and other proinflammatory cytokines.
2. Pulmonary hypertension in POEMS syndrome: a new feature mediated by cytokines.

Critical Roles

1. During the past decade, researchers have adduced much evidence supporting the critical roles of cytokines in the production of Cachexia.

Immune Responses

1. Cytokines can also be produced in the laboratory by recombinant DNA technology and given to people to affect immune responses.

Three Cytokines

1. Lower concentrations of pentoxifylline were not effective in blocking the induction of these three cytokines in SEB-stimulated cells.

Specific Cytokines

1. Stellate cells are also stimulated by specific cytokines, many of which are emitted during the inflammatory phase of acute pancreatitis. (Web site)

Th1 Cytokines

1. We have recently shown that repeated intranasal exposure to S. chartarum spores induces the expression of proinflammatory and Th1 cytokines in murine lungs.

Certain Cytokines

1. The process by which cirrhosis develops involves the interaction of certain cytokines and specialized liver cells (i.e., stellate cells). (Web site)

Serum Cytokines

1. Blood samples were drawn for measurement of specific IgE, IgG 4, and serum cytokines before and after treatment. (Web site)
2. As myelin is exposed to serum cytokines and complement, demyelination can occur.

Lymphokines

1. However, inflammatory and toxic effects often accompany immunotherapeutic administration of cytokines or lymphokines to an organism. (Web site)

Several Cytokines

1. Thyroid hormone enhances the action of several cytokines and growth factors, such as interferon-??13 and epidermal growth factor. (Web site)

Th2 Cytokines

1. In the model of OVA-sensitization�Cinduced allergic asthma, the expression of Th2 cytokines in the lungs predominate (18). (Web site)
2. Traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus reverses predominance of Th2 cytokines and their up-stream transcript factors in lung cancer patients. (Web site)
3. Mice exposed to S. chartarum showed no induction of Th2 cytokines because the levels in these mice were similar to the PBS control mice. (Web site)

Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines

1. Lenalidomide inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increases the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits cell proliferation. (Web site)

Generation

1. Although Spirulina stimulates several cytokines, it is clearly more effective in the generation of a Thl-type response. (Web site)

Proliferation

1. Cytokines stimulate proliferation of progenitor cells and regulate the activities of cells involved in defense and immune responses.

Addition

1. In addition, cytokines have been found to influence both procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways. (Web site)

Suppression

1. Suppression of cytokines may account for the fact that infections with pathogenic Yersinia spp.
2. Suppression rather than overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines accompanied the terminal shock in this model of arenavirus haemorrhagic fever.

Family

1. The interleukins are a family of cytokines that mediate immunological responses, including inflammation.

Norman

1. Norman J, Franz M: Acute phase cytokines during experimental acute pancreatitis. (Web site)

Intervals

1. Serial serum samples obtained at intervals of 129 months from the onset of his illness were tested for parvovirus B19 markers and cytokines.

Injury

1. The release of antimicrobial proteins and peptides in response to infection, injury, or cytokines adds yet another layer of complexity to this scenario.
2. The plug forms as platelets stick to the exposed collagen(platelet adhesion) and become activated, releasing cytokines into the area around the injury.
3. The pro-inflammatory cytokine response to injury, including cardiac surgery, is countered by the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Regeneration

1. Liver regeneration in response to the loss of hepatic tissue involves large number of factors, mainly growth factors and cytokines.

Messengers

1. Alternatively, inflammatory chemicals and messengers known as cytokines produced locally at the site of gum infection may pass into circulation. (Web site)

Studies

1. These studies identified cytokines and secretory products in tissues taken from IBS patients.

Heart

1. It is considered that the cytokines produced in the heart tissue during the initial immune response will influence the subsequent immune reaction. (Web site)

Initiating

1. Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a pivotal role in initiating and amplifying the inflammatory process.

Alcohol

1. Hence, alcohol induced iron overload enhances the production of free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines, thereby leading to liver injury[11,12,27]. (Web site)

Pylori

1. Chaperonins of H. pylori induce macrophages to secrete cytokines, which leads to an immunologic cascade and inflammation. (Web site)
2. In contrast, p100 processing, which is a known IKK activity induced by several cytokines, was not induced by H. pylori. (Web site)

Epithelial Cells

1. F CYTOKINES 1 The name does not indicate the only source or action; all cell types use cytokines for signalling, including neural and epithelial cells. (Web site)

Inflammatory Diseases

1. However, cytokines are overproduced often in chronic and inflammatory diseases, causing serious tissue injury and, in some cases, even organ damage.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

1. This drug's effect on cytokines could benefit patients with inflammatory diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis. (Web site)

Replication

1. Effects of cytokines and prolactin on the replication of Toxoplasma gondii in murine microglia.

Transcription

1. Figure 5. Transcription of proinflammatory cytokines and caspases in SAP-IFN- hearts at an age of 6 months.

Healthy

1. Summaries of innate immune cells as well as their cytokines and chemokines in healthy and reversible pulpitis tissues are presented. (Web site)

Categories

1. Growth Factors
2. Macrophages
3. Inflammatory Response
4. Endothelial Cells
5. Places > Earth > Environment > Endotoxin

Subcategories

Interleukin

Osteoprotegerin

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