Definitions

1. Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. (Web site)
2. Catalysis is thus cyclic; reactants bond to one form of the catalyst, products are decoupled from another form, and the initial form is regenerated.
3. Acid catalysis is required for this reaction. (Web site)
4. Acid catalysis is mainly used for organic chemical reactions.
5. Acid catalysis is employed in a large number of industrial reactions, among them the conversion of petroleum hydrocarbons to gasoline and related products. (Web site)

Phase Transfer Catalysis

1. Arsonium compounds have been suggested as catalysts for polycarbonate preparation and in heterogeneous reactions (phase transfer catalysis). (Web site)

Base Catalysis

1. The reaction can be extended to aliphatic aldehydes with base catalysis in the presence of thiazolium salts; the reaction mechanism is essentially the same.

Enzyme Catalysis

1. Chemical mechanisms of enzyme catalysis. (Web site)

Products

1. The use of heterogeneous catalysis allows for the continuous production of reaction products and is therefore useful for industrial mass production. (Web site)

Field

1. It is useful for organic chemists working in the field of asymmetric catalysis in academia or the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
2. Surface chemistry is of particular importance to the field of heterogeneous catalysis. (Web site)

Further

1. Further uses for the molecular polyhedra of the subject invention can readily be found in the area of catalysis. (Web site)

Important

1. The Asn residue is also important in maintaining the active site configuration and is involved in the proton relay during the catalysis. (Web site)

Little

1. Structurally, little is known about the mechanism by which factor Va alters catalysis within this complex. (Web site)

Scheme

1. Based on the status of E286 and Y288 in the various intermediate states, we suggest the following reaction scheme of catalysis by CcO (Fig.

Design

1. Central to these studies has been the design of a new chiral amine catalyst that exhibits improved reactivity and selectivity for iminium catalysis. (Web site)

Species

1. In general acid catalysis all species capable of donating protons contribute to reaction rate acceleration.[ 2] The strongest acids are most effective.

Differences

1. In catalysis with trans -stilbene oxide and styrene oxide, enantioselectivity is the result of differences in alkylation rates. (Web site)

Structures

1. Whereas for many enzymes the structures have been solved, very little is known about dynamic processes, which trigger catalysis. (Web site)

Water

1. The reaction can be accelerated by acid catalysis and the equilibrium can be shifted to the right by removal of water. (Web site)

Mechanisms

1. Catalytic reaction mechanisms represent an exciting research area that occupies the central place in the field of catalysis.
2. Because many PTKs are molecular targets for drug discovery, it is of high interest to understand the mechanisms of PTK catalysis.

Participation

1. This contrast in kinetic patterns likely reflects differences in participation by pH-sensitive functional groups in catalysis by these two enzymes.

First Step

1. This reaction doesn't involve acid catalysis, so the first step is nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl carbon. (Web site)

Understanding

1. A combination of kinetic and structural studies over the last 30 years has given us an understanding of how enzymes can achieve their catalysis.

Change

1. When keeping the pH at a constant level but changing the buffer concentration a change in rate signals a general acid catalysis. (Web site)

Lewis

1. The reaction with silyl enol ethers takes place under Lewis acid catalysis and generally proceeds in good yields. (Web site)

Oxidation

1. In one process, the oxidation takes place at $2258C and 15 atm, and bromides are involved in the catalysis (37).

Chemical

1. In acid catalysis and base catalysis a chemical reaction is catalyzed by an acid or a base.

Effect

1. The effect of chlorine substituents on catalysis was determined by measuring the specific activity of the enzyme with biphenyl and 18 congeners.

Copper

1. The copper(I) contributes to a catalysis of the click chemistry ligation reaction. (Web site)
2. Copper(II)-catalyzed highly enantioselective addition of enamides to imines: the use of enamides as nucleophiles in asymmetric catalysis.

Pla

1. Catabolism of cardiolipin may happen by the catalysis of phospholipase A2 (PLA) to remove fatty acyl groups. (Web site)

Binding Site

1. Some enzymes have a binding site for a cofactor, which is needed for catalysis.

Section

1. The reaction usually requires acid or base catalysis (Section 13.5A). (Web site)

Biosynthesis

1. The predominant pathway in animals involves the catalysis of glycine cleavage enzyme, the same enzyme also involved in the biosynthesis of glycine.

Histidine

1. The imidazole side chain of histidine allows it to function in both acid and base catalysis near physiological pH values.

Energy

1. Thus, the catalysis of atomic hydrogen, the BlackLight Process, represents a potential new source of energy.

Tertiary Amines

1. Ruthenium-catalyzed alkylation of indoles with tertiary amines by oxidation of a sp3 C-H bond and Lewis acid catalysis. (Web site)
2. We propose that the tertiary amines contained on certain antibiotics are responsible for catalysis of BP radical formation. (Web site)

Peptide Bond Formation

1. This, of course, is ideal for catalysis of peptide bond formation.
2. Bieling P, Beringer M, Adio S, Rodnina MV. Peptide bond formation does not involve acid-base catalysis by ribosomal residues.

Thrombin Inhibition

1. Figure 1: Catalysis of thrombin inhibition by anticoagulant bound to purified fibrin.

Role

1. Side-chain carboxyl and carbonyl groups play a major role in protein interactions and enzyme catalysis. (Web site)

Histidine Residues

1. The role of histidine residues in catalysis was investigated by chemical modification with diethylpyrocarbonate and by site-directed mutagenesis. (Web site)
2. These studies reveal an important role for histidine residues both in catalysis and in the structural integrity of DAP. (Web site)

Liquid Phase

1. There are many important examples of catalysis in the liquid phase, but catalysis in the gas phase is unusual.

Synthesis

1. Includes instruction in the chemical mechanisms of regulation and catalysis, protein synthesis and other syntheses, and biomolecular chemical reactions.

Substrate

1. At this point, every collision of the enzyme with its substrate will result in catalysis.

Substrates

1. Homogeneous catalysis occurs in solution and heterogeneous catalysis occurs when gaseous or dissolved substrates interact with surfaces of solids.

Ester

1. Acid catalysis of an ester is used to hydrolyse the ester to alcohol and a carboxylic acid. (Web site)
2. Their action on living tissue is based on acid-base catalysis of ester and amide hydrolysis. (Web site)
3. The reaction of the ester with the racemic heteroatom-substituted amine with enzyme catalysis is normally carried out at room temperature. (Web site)

Proteins

1. Some proteins are believed to accelerate catalysis by drawing their substrate in and pre-orienting them by using dipolar electric fields. (Web site)

Electron Atoms

1. The catalysis to form increased binding energy one electron atoms may occur on the electrode surface. (Web site)
2. The reactor temperature further controls the reaction rates such as ionization of the source of one electron atoms and catalysis. (Web site)

Reactants

1. Catalysis takes place as one or more of the reactants is chemisorbed (chemically adsorbed) on the surface and reacts there.

Organic

1. See Catalysis of Organic Reaction, 75, 369-380 (1998), for further discussion on impurities in a carbonylation process. (Web site)

Catalyst

1. The energy given off during catalysis is much greater than the energy lost to the catalyst. (Web site)
2. In heterogeneous catalysis, typical secondary processes include coking where the catalyst becomes covered by polymeric side products. (Web site)
3. In homogeneous catalysis the catalyst is a molecule which facilitates the reaction. (Web site)

Catalysts

1. Catalysis: Types, characteristics of a catalyst, Enzyme catalysts, Industrial applications of Catalysts. (Web site)
2. A major application of supramolecular chemistry is the design and understanding of catalysts and catalysis. (Web site)
3. The catalysis may involve a mixture of one electron atoms and lower-energy state one electron atoms which may serve as catalysts or reactants. (Web site)

Categories

1. Active Site
2. Biochemistry > Molecular Biology > Proteins > Enzymes
3. Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Functional Groups > Nitrile
4. Nature > Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Organic Reactions
5. Encyclopedia of Keywords > Nature > Chemistry > Chemical Reactions

Related Keywords

* Active Site * Amino Acids * Carbonylation * Chemical Reactions * Enzyme * Enzymes * Fries Rearrangement * Hydrolysis * Mechanism * Organic Reactions * Reactions * Substrate Binding * Transition State

1. Books about "Catalysis" in Amazon.com
   

Continue: More Keywords - - - - - - - - - -