Definitions

1. The liquid phase is typically primarily water, and is also known as the 'soil solution'; plants take their nutrients from this phase.
2. The liquid phase is maintained at a temperature of 150.degree.
3. If no liquid phase is present, a potentially significant mass-transfer resistance is eliminated; mass-transfer resistance in the gas phase is usually small.
4. The liquid phase is distilled to remove residual water and unreacted ethyl acetate.
5. The ionic liquid phase was rinsed with additional hexane (2×50 ml) to ensure the removal of all liberated conjunct polymers.

Vapour Phase

1. When contacting the catalyst, the dehydrogenation feed may be in the liquid phase or in a mixed vapour-liquid phase but preferably is in the vapour phase.

Liquid-Air Interface

1. In practice, a physical barrier is created at the liquid-air interface and more volatile chemical compounds are retained in the liquid phase.

Mixed Phase

1. The reactive guard bed may operate in all liquid phase or mixed phase in co-current upflow or downflow operation.

Immiscible

1. The V phase could also be another (immiscible) liquid phase.

Liquid Phase Method

1. Although liquid phase method takes outstanding advantage over gas phase one, it also has obvious weakness.

Liquid Phase Hydrofluoric

1. Liquid phase hydrofluoric acid (HF) or sulfuric acid is often used as the catalyst.

Liquid Phase Containing

1. The liquid phase containing the substituted or unsubstituted benzoic acid derivative may be formed either with or without a solvent.

Ionic Liquid Phase

1. The top organic layer (immiscible in the ionic liquid phase), containing the liberated conjunct polymers, was separated from the ionic liquid by decantation.
2. As more conjunct polymers accumulate in the ionic liquid phase the catalyst becomes less active.

Industry

1. In recent years the trend in industry has been to shift away from vapor phase reactors to liquid phase reactors.

Course

1. Of course, the reaction may be performed in the liquid phase.

Presence

1. For alkylations with higher olefins, such as C.sub.16+ olefins, the alkylations are done in the liquid phase, often in the presence of hydrogen fluoride.

Elevated

1. In industry, this reaction is performed in the liquid phase at elevated pressure.

Ethanol

1. FTIR of a thin film of ethanol in the liquid phase.

Degree

1. Liquid phase reactors operate at a temperature of about 170-250.degree.

Pat

1. One solution to this has been to operate such that the catalyst is always immersed in a liquid phase as in U.S. Pat.

Sufficient

1. The reaction pressure should be sufficient to maintain at least a partial liquid phase in order to retard catalyst fouling.

Water Vapor

1. Molecules are, on the average, moving fastest in a gas such as water vapor, slower in the liquid phase, and slowest in the solid phase, such as water ice.

Oxidation

1. Currently liquid phase chlorination or oxidation of toluene are among the most used processes.

Substance

1. In chemistry, materials science, and physics, the liquidus is a line on a phase diagram above which a given substance is stable in the liquid phase.
2. Heat of Fusion The heat energy required to convert one mole of substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase at one atmosphere of pressure.

Phase Transition

1. The transition from a liquid phase to a solid phase is called freezing, and it is a type of phenomenon known as a phase transition.

Higher Temperatures

1. At higher temperatures, the liquid phase remains stable for all cholesterol concentrations, giving a much smaller condensation effect.

Liquid Helium

1. Electrons are attracted to liquid helium due to the difference in dielectric constants between the gas and liquid phase of helium.

Fractional Crystallization

1. During fractional crystallization, Sr tends to become concentrated in plagioclase, leaving Rb in the liquid phase.

Alkylation Reactor

1. However, liquid phase conditions can be used where it is desired to minimize the yield of undesirable byproducts from the alkylation reactor.
2. The alkylation reactor is operated in a downflow mode and under temperature and pressure conditions in which some liquid phase is present.

Present Invention

1. The acetylation process of the present invention is carried out under liquid phase conditions.

Vapor Phase

1. The alkylation may be carried out in the liquid phase, the vapor phase, or a mixed vapor-liquid phase.
2. Most processes currently in use make pyridines by condensation of ammonia with aldehydes or ketones either in the vapor phase or in the liquid phase.

Temperature

1. Melting Point The temperature at which the solid and liquid phase of a substance are at equilibrium (normally given for 1 atmosphere of pressure).
2. The combination of temperature and pressure used in some embodiments is sufficient to maintain the feed and products in the liquid phase.
3. The range of surface charge density necessary to stabilize the liquid phase of molecular hydrogen at the temperature of superfluid transition is estimated.

Liquids

1. Evaporation also tends to proceed more quickly with higher flow rates between the gaseous and liquid phase and in liquids with higher vapor pressure.

Liquid

1. Blood is a liquid tissue that includes red cells, white cells, corpuscles, and platelets dispersed in a liquid phase.

Zeolites

1. Using zeolites, alkylation may be done at weight hourly space velocities ranging from 1 to 10, in the liquid phase.

Mixture

1. When treating the polymer in solution the pressure is usually that sufficient to maintain reaction mixture substantially in the liquid phase.
2. A gravity decanter is used to separate the mixture, from which the ionic liquid phase, which is denser than other components, is withdrawn.

Aqueous Phase

1. When the environmental medium is a liquid phase, it can be selected from aqueous phase, non-aqueous phase, and any combination thereof.

Transesterification

1. In general the base catalyzed transesterification is a liquid phase reaction.

Process

1. In the liquid phase process, an alcohol such as ethanol is a good solvent.
2. Zeolites, such as ZSM-5, may be selectivated with a siliceous material by a vapor phase process or a liquid phase process.
3. Condensation: the conversion of water vapor or other gas to liquid phase as the temperature drops; the act or process of condensing.

Ethylbenzene

1. No. 4,891,458 (Innes) describes the liquid phase synthesis of ethylbenzene with zeolite beta, whereas U.S. Pat.

Reactor

1. Thus acetic acid is both a reactant and a product, and comprises the major liquid component in the liquid phase reactor.
2. C.). One advantage of the liquid phase reactor is the very low formation of xylenes and other undesirable byproducts.
3. In either mode of operation, the reactor is filled with the liquid phase and the hydrolysis is carried out entirely in the liquid phase.

Organic Solvent

1. The oxidation is carried out in the liquid phase, i.e., while the phenol is in solution in an organic solvent.

Solvent

1. In addition, oxidation of acetic acid solvent for the liquid phase reaction tends to increase in cobalt and manganese-catalyzed oxidations without bromine.
2. The products may be isolated in a liquid phase layer separate from the solvent.
3. The reaction can be carried out in a gas phase or a liquid phase using a solvent.

Catalysts

1. Salol synthesis via transesterification of methyl salicylate with phenol over these catalysts has been studied in liquid phase.

Catalyst

1. Gaseous olefin, flowing counter-currently upwards through the reactor, is absorbed into the liquid phase and is consumed by reaction over the catalyst.
2. The catalyst is wetted in the liquid phase and the alkylation reaction takes place in the liquid phase on the catalyst surface.
3. The process of the invention is operated entirely under the liquid phase conditions of the anhydrous alcohol, oxidant and catalyst.

Water

1. Elemental bismuth is one of very few substances of which the liquid phase is denser than its solid phase (water being the best-known example).
2. The total heat capacity of a mole of water in its liquid phase (the green line) is 7.5507 kJ.
3. The acid is maintained in a liquid phase containing a minimum of water.

Isopropanol

1. C. in a fixed bed under liquid phase conditions into isopropanol which is recycled to step (a-1).

Reactants

1. With all reactants in the liquid phase, increased pressure has no significant effect upon the alkylation reaction.
2. C. The pressure can be in the range from atmospheric pressure to 8000 kPa, preferably sufficient to keep the reactants in the liquid phase.

Phase

1. Liquid crystal materials may not always be in an LC phase (just as water is not always in the liquid phase: it may also be found in the solid or gas phase).
2. When used in this sense, a phase is a region of phase space where the system in question is in, for example, the liquid phase, or solid phase, etc.
3. Heat of Vaporization The heat energy needed to transform one mole of substance from the liquid phase to the gas phase at one atmosphere of pressure.

Alkylation

1. Liquid phase alkylation of benzene with ethylene may be carried out at a temperature between 150 to 340.degree.
2. However, other catalysts which are suitable for liquid phase alkylation may also be used.
3. The alkylation of benzene with isopropanol and supplemental propylene may be carried out under either gas or liquid phase conditions.

Liquid Phase

1. By contrast, alkylation and oligomerization in the liquid phase and particularly in the gas phase are accompanied by a rapid deactivation of the catalyst.
2. The process is continuously carried out in a fixed bed, the alkylation taking place in a liquid phase.
3. When benzene is alkylated with ethylene to produce ethylbenzene, the alkylation reaction may be carried out in the liquid phase.

Categories

1. Alkylation
2. Phase
3. Reactants
4. Isopropanol
5. Catalyst
6. Books about "Liquid Phase" in Amazon.com
   

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