Definitions

1. Intercropping is the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time (Andrews & Kassam 1976).
2. Intercropping is defined as the growth of two or more crops in proximity in the same field during a growing season to promote interaction between them.
3. Intercropping is a system of cropping in which farmers cultivate two crops of different statures in alternate rows.
4. Intercropping is the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time (Andrews & Kassam 1976).
5. Intercropping is a prime example of how managed systems can be designed to mimic natural counterparts.

Same Field

1. Intercropping is growing two or more crops in the same field at the same time.
2. Ratios under Tea and Non-Tea intercropping systems reflected the same trend.
3. This book is a pioneering, comparative study of the practice of intercropping (growing two or more crops at once in the same field).

Peanut

1. With a view to study the effect of intercropping and plant geometrics in peanut cv.
2. Intercropping with pigeonpea did not affect the pod yield of peanut significantly.
3. Intercropping studies in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.).

Harvest

1. However, some intercropping schemes allow for staggered harvest dates that keep crop species separated.
2. In all intercropping treatments, radiation interception by the combined canopy increased rapidly, and full ground was maintained up to pigeonpea harvest (ca.

Yield

1. Haque I. 1990. Effect of intercropping maize with Macrotyloma axillare on feed output and grain yield.
2. Intercropping unstaked yam with maize did not affect the yield of yam.

Mixed Intercropping

1. Mixed intercropping —growing two or more crops together in no distinct row arrangement.
2. Many different intercrop systems are discussed including mixed intercropping, strip cropping and traditional intercropping arrangements.
3. Concluding, intercropping, although an inexpensive technology, is an intensification of management.
4. Intercropping with common annual crops is feasible and results in overyielding about 75% of the time in conventional production.
5. Mixed intercropping is common when cereals, grain legumes, and root crops are grown together and when little or no tillage is practiced.

Intercropping System

1. By growing castor in the intercropping system, the maximum loss in yield was of groundnut pods (22.3%), followed by sunflower (14.8%) and sesame (9.4%).
2. This is the name of a sophisticated intercropping system of rainfed hill farming.
3. In Benin and Nigeria, most of the farmers simply abandoned intercropping ( ibid.) as irrelevant to their needs.
4. Two typical agroforestry systems in China, the Paulownia [Paulownia elongta S.Y. Hu] intercropping system in the north and the Tea [Camellia sinensis 0.

Pest

1. Intercropping may benefit crop yield or the control of some kind of pest, or may have other agronomic benefits.
2. Besides raising yields without purchased inputs, benefits of intercropping include soil moisture retention, erosion control, and fewer weeds and pests.
3. Pest management benefits can also be realized from intercropping due to increased diversity.

Two Crops

1. Intercropping The practice of growing two or more crops in the same, alternate, or paired rows in the same area.
2. Intercropping —Intercropping is the growing of two or more crops in proximity to promote interaction between them.

Intercropping

1. Sturdy (1939) noted in East Africa that intercropping Crotalaria with millet, and groundnuts with sorghum, helped in the maintenance of soil fertility.
2. The most promising one involves strip intercropping of maize, sorghum, beans and cowpeas.
3. Intercropping is common: such crops are alternated with bean s and pea s.
4. Seven contrasting cassava cultivars were grown in sole-cropping and in intercropping with soybean and with pigeonpea.

Stands

1. The climate in multi-storeyed stands growing in an intercropping system is better i.e.
2. Description: The "Milpa" system is a traditional intercropping system of corn, lima bean, common bean, and squash.
3. In this trial there was a yield advantage from intercropping over growing the two crops in pure stands.
4. Intercropping systems are also more challenging to manage than pure stands, especially at harvest time.

Cropping Systems

1. Crop Rotation and Intercropping Strategies for Weed Management Research showing that cover crops have a big impat on weed suppression.
2. Mungbean was more suited for intercropping with sweet potato than other legumes.
3. Intercropping may allow for lower input levels in a cropping system by reducing fertilizer and pesticide requirements.
4. The most widespread multiple cropping systems practiced in the humid tropics are mixed intercropping and relay intercropping.

Rows

1. Intercropping of linseed between 40 and 50 cm row spacings and that of chickpea between 50 and 60 cm row spacings gave statistically equal net returns.
2. Yield of wheat as influenced by intercropping of chickpea, lentil and rapeseed.
3. Studies of intercropping annuals with perennials showed that proper spacing of plants was needed to improve yield and profit and to reduce weeds.
4. Biological potential and economic feasibility of intercropping oilseeds and pulses with safflower (carthamus tinctorius) in drylands.
5. In summary, there are potential yield and land-use advantages for the practice of strip intercropping but not row intercropping of sunflower and mustard.

Barley

1. Intercropping barley with pea also reduced seed disease levels.
2. Barley, lentil, and flax yield under different intercropping systems.

Insects

1. An common example of this would be intercropping to attract beneficial insects within rows of a given plagued crop.
2. There are at least four basic spatial arrangements used in intercropping.
3. Intercropping also aids pest control efforts by reducing the ability of the pest insects to recognize their host plants.
4. Numerous types of intercropping, all of which vary the temporal and spatial mixture to some degree, have been identified (Andrews & Kassam 1976).

Unit Area

1. Intercropping systems have been shown to definitely extract more nutrients from the soil than do single crop plantings per unit area of land.
2. Intercropping provides different foods for consumption at the cost of lower yields.
3. Intercropping decreased plant height and leaf area index of maize as compared to monocropping.
4. Productivity per unit area could be increased through the use of suitable crops with higher yield stability and appropriate intercropping.

Same

1. Ruthenberg (1976), however, distinguishes between mixed cropping and intercropping on the basis of the pattern of the intermixture.
2. The crops may be seeded at the same time (mixed intercropping) or they may be seeded at different times (relay intercropping).
3. Corridor cropping (also called intercropping) is a technique for intercropping annuals and trees on the same plot with no fallow period.

Planting

1. Relay intercropping —planting a second crop into a standing crop at a time when the standing crop is at its reproductive stage but before harvesting.
2. A related ATTRA publication, Companion Planting, provides more information on intercropping of vegetable crops.
3. Crop rotation, cover cropping, farmscaping, companion planting, and intercropping are outstanding examples of practices that contribute to biodiversity.
4. A practice often associated with sustainable agriculture and organic farming, intercropping is one form of polyculture, using companion planting principles.

Conducted

1. Research conducted in Turrialba, Costa Rica examined relay cropping and intercropping techniques with maize, beans, and rice.
2. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the intercropping systems with oilseed crops, viz.

Diversity

1. This publication focuses on intercropping and provides a section on integrating livestock with crops.
2. Intercropping is widely practiced by these farmers with diversity in crops increasing with altitude.
3. Much of this publication focuses on the principles and strategies of intercropping field crops.
4. Integration —On-farm diversity can be carried to an even higher level by integrating animals with intercropping.
5. Chinese scientists have discovered why an agricultural practice called "intercropping' of faba beans and maize increases crop yields.

Agronomic

1. Agronomic modification of competition between cassava and pigeonpea in intercropping.
2. The agronomic advantages of intercropping are the result of differences in competitive ability for growth factors between intercropped components.

Planted

1. In many intercropping practices, legumes are planted with crops.
2. Row intercropping —growing two or more crops at the same time with at least one crop planted in rows.
3. Relay intercropping, where an additional crop is planted into an existing plant stand.

Returns

1. In these trials strip intercropping tended to reduce the likelihood of low overall financial returns (risk reduction).
2. Intercropping with groundnut increases production and monetary returns compared with sole cropping.

Gave

1. Intercropping of safflower with almost all the intercrops gave significantly better net return than sole safflower.
2. Intercropping consistently gave higher yields.

Strip Intercropping

1. Strip intercropping of corn and soybeans or cotton and alfalfa are two examples.
2. Strip intercropping is a complex system requiring careful management.
3. Strip intercropping involves multiple crops growing in side-by-side, narrow strips.

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