Definitions

1. Biliary strictures (BS), a major complication after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), cause morbidity, mortality, graft loss, and increased costs.
2. Biliary strictures are often caused by surgical trauma to the bile ducts, for example, after surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy).
3. Up to now biliary strictures were dilated subsequently one to three plastic stents with a diameter of eight to ten F were inserted.

Benign Biliary Strictures

1. Benign biliary strictures after liver transplantation are usually treated by repeated endoscopic interventions or surgery.

Pathogenesis

1. Implications for the pathogenesis of biliary strictures after liver transplantation.
2. This supports the concept that bile cytotoxicity is involved in the pathogenesis of nonanastomotic biliary strictures.

Months

1. Postoperative biliary strictures occurred from two to 21 months (mean age: 18 months) after liver transplantation.

Four Patients

1. Four patients with biliary strictures died.

Life-Threatening Complications

1. Although biliary strictures may be asymptomatic, if ignored, they can cause life-threatening complications.

Hepatic Artery Thrombosis

1. Hepatic artery thrombosis caused biliary strictures in three, while 21 strictures were localized to the anastomotic site.
2. Intrahepatic biliary strictures are included in non-anastomotic strictures; they result primarily from hepatic artery thrombosis.

Endoscopic

1. Long-term results of endoscopic and percutaneous transhepatic treatment of benign biliary strictures.

Ercp

1. A prospective comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of ERCP, MRCP, CT, and EUS in biliary strictures.
2. Tissue sampling at ERCP in suspected malignant biliary strictures (Part 1).

Treatment

1. Three kinds of treatment for biliary strictures are available: surgical, endoscopic and percutaneous.
2. Treatment of benign biliary strictures in chronic pancreatitis by self-expandable metal stents.

Patients

1. Kahl S, Zimmermann S, Genz I. et al Biliary strictures are not the cause of pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
2. The aim of this study was to report the operative treatment of patients with benign biliary strictures at the hepatic confluence stented with MS.

Twenty Patients

1. Twenty patients (12.5%) were identified with biliary strictures; 16 were non-anastomotic and four were anastomotic strictures.

Graft Survival

1. Endoscopic management of biliary strictures in liver transplant recipients: effect on patient and graft survival.

Transplantation

1. They occur after 2.5 to 13% of liver transplantations and they represent at least one-half of biliary strictures encountered after liver transplantation.
2. Nonanastomotic biliary strictures (NAS) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are associated with high retransplant rates.
3. In conclusion, biliary strictures tend to occur within 6 months of transplantation and are an important cause of ongoing graft dysfunction.

Endoscopic Treatment

1. Endoscopic treatment of anastomotic biliary strictures after deceased donor liver transplantation: outcomes after maximal stent therapy.
2. The study objectives were to verify results of endoscopic treatment of postoperative biliary strictures at a very long-term follow-up.

Biliary Strictures

1. Long-term outcome of endoscopic treatment of biliary strictures after liver transplantation.
2. Cholangiographic features of biliary strictures after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis: evidence of recurrent disease.
3. Biliary strictures are often caused by surgical injury to the bile ducts, for example, after surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy).

Categories

1. Endoscopic Treatment
2. Olt
3. Transplantation
4. Graft Survival
5. Twenty Patients
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