Definitions

1. Astrocytes are believed to take up glucose from capillaries and then metabolize this to pyruvate and lactate, which they can then transfer to neurons. (Web site)
2. Astrocytes (also known collectively as astroglia) are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. (Web site)
3. Astrocytes are star-shaped (stellate) cells with long, radiating extensions or processes (rather like the dendrites of neurons). (Web site)
4. Astrocytes are found within the CNS. They provide structural support for neurons and regulate the extracellular concentrations of ions and neurotransmitters. (Web site)
5. Astrocytes are a sub-type of glial cells in the central nervous system.

Effects

1. Thiamine deficiency causes neuropathy through neuron death due to its effects upon astrocytes. (Web site)

Figure

1. Ubiquitin staining intranuclear inclusions in neurons and astrocytes are pathophysiological hallmarks of FXTAS, and are shown in the Figure below.

Rosenthal Fibers

1. It is a progressive leukoencephalopathy whose hallmark is the widespread accumulation of Rosenthal fibers which are cytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes.

Gömöri-Positive Astrocytes

1. Some protoplasmic astrocytes are generated by multipotent subventricular zone progenitor cells.[ 15][ 16] Gömöri-positive astrocytes. (Web site)

Cultured Astrocytes

1. It is well known that increased cAMP levels in cultured astrocytes can convert flat polygonal shaped astrocytes into process-bearing, stellate astrocytes. (Web site)

Reactive Astrocytes

1. Krabbe diseas: An ultra-structural study of globoid cells and reactive astrocytes at the brain and optic nerves.

Star-Shaped Cells

1. Astrocytes: Spidery or star-shaped cells which hold together the structures in the central nervous system.

Injury

1. Redefining the concept of reactive astrocytes as cells that remain within their unique domains upon reaction to injury.

Presence

1. Alexander disease is a leukodystrophy that is neuropathologically characterized by the presence of numerous Rosenthal fibers in astrocytes.

Ability

1. When primary spheres were examined for their ability to generated neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, all were found to be tripotential.
2. However, detailed studies found no evidence that 'mature' glia, such as astrocytes or oligodendrocytes, retain the ability of mitosis.

Fig

1. Fig. 2. Single spheres derived from the adult thoracic spinal cord yielded neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.
2. Fig. 2. Trypsin-induced reveral of stellation in rat astrocytes. (Web site)

Ammonia

1. Ammonia is rapidly incorporated into glutamine by glutamine synthetase localized in astrocytes.

Effect

1. Astrocytes can also be neurotransmitter regulators, limiting the effect of GABA and glutamic acid secreted by nerve terminals. (Web site)
2. Nitric oxide-related toxicity in cultured astrocytes: effect of Bacopa monniera.

Roles

1. PMID 16543131. ^ Bennett M, Contreras J, Bukauskas F, Sáez J (2003). "New roles for astrocytes: gap junction hemichannels have something to communicate". (Web site)

Culture

1. In culture, the cells divided 30 to 70 times and differentiated into neurons and astrocytes. (Web site)
2. Astrocytes can be visualized in culture because, unlike other mature glia, they express glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Damaged

1. Astrocytes also accumulate in areas where nerves have been damaged (astrocytosis), sealing off these areas. (Web site)

Atrophy

1. After the injury, astrocytes can shrink, causing parts of the brain to atrophy (Wasserman, 2004). (Web site)

Atp

1. Extracellular release of ATP, and consequent activation of purinergic receptors on other astrocytes, may also mediate calcium waves in some cases.
2. Fig. 3. ATP prevented isoproterenol-induced stellation in E18 rat cortical astrocytes. (Web site)

Differentiation

1. Differentiation of single secondary spheres results in the production of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.

Interestingly

1. Interestingly, the albumin initially seems to be activating receptors on astrocytes, not neurons. (Web site)
2. Interestingly, neural macroglia (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) are generated in the SVZ during late development and migrate throughout the forebrain. (Web site)

Brain Regions

1. Gömöri-positive astrocytes are much more abundant within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and in the hippocampus than in other brain regions. (Web site)

Response

1. Furthermore, at least in vitro, astrocytes can release neurotransmitter glutamate in response to certain stimulation.

Neuronal

1. Microscopic examination reveals neuronal loss and tau deposition in neurons (neurofibrillary tangles-NFTs, neuropil neurites) and in astrocytes.

Role

1. A role for astrocytes in cerebral hemostasis. (Web site)
2. Role of Ca 2+ in trypsin-induced reversal of stellation in rat astrocytes 3.6. (Web site)

Macrophages

1. Neurons, astrocytes, macrophages, and oligodendrocytes remote from lesions were neither apoptotic nor JCV infected. (Web site)

Nervous System

1. Within the nervous system, hES cells have been shown to differentiate in vitro into neural progenitor cells, neurons, and astrocytes. (Web site)

Stem Cells

1. Upon removal of the mitogens and provision of a substrate, the stem cells differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (Web site)

Form

1. Glial cells known as astrocytes enlarge and proliferate to form a scar and produce inhibitory molecules that inhibit regrowth of a damaged or severed axon.

Pia Mater

1. The pia mater is anchored to the brain by the processes of astrocytes. (Web site)
2. When in proximity to the pia mater, all three forms of astrocytes send out process to form the pia-glial membrane. (Web site)

Motor Neurons

1. As shown previously, SOD1(G93A) astrocytes induced death of motor neurons in cocultures, compared with nontransgenic ones.
2. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (Web site)

Gap Junctions

1. Like astrocytes, they are interconnected by gap junctions and respond to ATP by elevating intracellular concentration of calcium ions.

Alzheimer Type

1. Astrocytes with large and pale nuclei (Alzheimer type II astrocytes) were apparent throughout the brain. (Web site)
2. In cirrhosis, astrocytes may undergo Alzheimer type II astrocytosis.

Types

1. In general, there are two types of astrocytes, protoplasmic and fibrous, similar in function but distinct in morphology and distribution.
2. There are two types of supportive cells: astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (Web site)

Stellate Cells

1. The key role is played by transmutation of cells of the radial neuroglia into stellate cells - astrocytes.
2. Primary cultures of astrocytes exhibit a polygonal morphology, but on treatment with agents that increase cAMP they change to stellate cells. (Web site)
3. In neuroscience, stellate cells are neurons and astrocytes with several dendrites radiating from the cell body giving them a star shaped appearance.

Neural Stem Cells

1. Recent studies have shown that astrocytes play an important function in the regulation of neural stem cells. (Web site)

Supporting Cells

1. They develop from the supporting cells of the brain, which are star-shaped glial cells called astrocytes. (Web site)

Gfap

1. GFAP helps to provide structural stability to the astrocytes, which are supporting cells in the brain similar to blood vessels.

Neuron

1. The volume of hypertrophic astrocytic processes separating fibrillar amyloid from neuron is a measure of the protective activation of astrocytes. (Web site)

Astrocyte

1. Astrocyte Astrocytes can be visualized in culture because, like other glia, they express glial fibrillary acidic protein.
2. Neuron: Astrocyte Astrocytes can be visualized in culture because they express glial fibrillary acidic protein.
3. The gap junctions (also known as electrical synapses) between astrocytes allow the messenger molecule IP3 to diffuse from one astrocyte to another.

Support Cells

1. Oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are support cells that help maintain the myelin covering of nerve axons and nerve cell bodies, respectively. (Web site)

Development

1. It is used as a marker to distinguish astrocytes from other glial cells during development. (Web site)

Matter

1. There are swollen astrocytes in gray and white matter. (Web site)
2. Fibrous astrocytes have long, thin, less branched processes and are more commonly found in white matter.

Oligodendroglia

1. The adult rat spinal cord contains cells that can proliferate and differentiate into astrocytes and oligodendroglia in situ. (Web site)

Astrocytomas

1. Astrocytomas, which arise from small, star-shaped cells called astrocytes, most often arise in the adult cerebrum. (Web site)
2. Astrocytomas are primary brain tumors derived from astrocytes, which are star-shaped glial cells.

Ependymal Cells

1. There are various types of glial cells including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells.
2. A brain tumor that occurs in more than one type of brain cell, including astrocytes, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes.

Microglia

1. There are three types of glial tissue: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. (Web site)
2. Subsequently, the animals were sacrificed and neurons, astrocytes and microglia were labeled with immunocytochemistry in the dorsal hippocampus.
3. Spongiform change in most brain regions is accompanied by neuronal loss and gliosis involving both astrocytes and microglia (Figure 3).

Categories

1. Oligodendrocytes
2. Neurons
3. Nature > Life > Cells > Glial Cells
4. Glia
5. Cns

Related Keywords

* Blood-Brain Barrier * Blood Brain Barrier * Brain * Cells * Central Nervous System * Cns * Glia * Glial Cell * Glial Cells * Glutamate * Gray Matter * Lactate * Myelin * Nerve Cells * Neurons * Neurotransmitters * Oligodendrocytes * Pyruvate * Spinal Cord * Tumors

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