Definitions

1. Highly aromatic, the initial creamy yellow flowers are later replaced by clusters of abundant silvery fruits.
2. Intensely aromatic, the grape is used often in the production of rosés.

Grape

1. A VERY NICE JOB SITE.GRAPE. (Web site)
2. Best suited for cold climates, this very aromatic grape is used to make dry, semi-sweet, sweet and sparkling white wines.

Rich

1. Deeply rich, full-bodied and aromatic, this tea has a dark amber tone, a malty finish, and is reminiscent of a dark beer. (Web site)
2. Teran is very aromatic, rich with acids, tannin, and extract, but still balanced - a wine with a strong personality.
3. Hyderabadi cuisine is rich and aromatic with a liberal use of exotic spices and ghee, not to speak of nuts and dry fruits.

Taste

1. Mountain-grown Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc lend aromatic complexity and a bit of edginess to the taste so that the wine will dance on your palate.
2. The taste improves with natural maturity to become more aromatic and delicate. (Web site)
3. As Food Flavoring: Cumin seeds have an Aromatic odor and a spicy and somewhat better taste.

Reactions

1. Reactions of phenols on carbon, effect on electrophilic aromatic substitution.
2. Isomerism of benzene derivatives, reactivity and orientation of reactions on substituted aromatic rings, oxidation and reduction of aromatic compounds.
3. Reactions of pyrrole require careful evaluation, since N-protonation destroys its aromatic character.

Nucleophilic Substitution

1. A nucleophilic substitution is a substitution reaction which the nucleophile displaces a good leaving group, such as a halide on an aromatic ring. (Web site)
2. The azide anion behaves as a nucleophile; it undergoes nucleophilic substitution for both aliphatic and aromatic systems. (Web site)
3. Nucleophilic substitution of aromatic rings is possible, but especially if they are electron-deficient or a very strong base is used.

Invention

1. The invention relates generally to the alkylation of aromatic compounds and catalysts used for such reactions. (Web site)
2. The aromatic compound employed in the method of this invention is preferably an unsubstituted or alkylated benzene or naphthalene. (Web site)
3. This invention is concerned with the alkylation of aromatic compounds with alkenes. (Web site)

Diamines

1. A series of aromatic substituted diamines was synthesized and characterized for their cytotoxic profiles against human breast and prostate tumor cell lines. (Web site)
2. Preferably, the aromatic compounds are aromatic amines or diamines. (Web site)

Aromatic Acyl Chlorides

1. Formation of 3-aryl-5-nitroisocoumarins from 5-nitroisocoumarins and aromatic acyl chlorides under Friedel-Crafts conditions.

Acyl Chlorides

1. Aromatic acyl chlorides like benzoyl chloride are less reactive.
2. Aromatic acyl chlorides can be prepared by chloroformylation, a specific type of Friedel-Crafts acylation using formaldehyde as the reagent. (Web site)
3. These organic compounds belong in the class of acyl halides, specifically aromatic acyl chlorides.

Derivatives

1. Electrophilic aromatic substitution is the method by which substituted derivatives of benzene are prepared.
2. Pyrrole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C 4 H 4 N H.[ 2] Substituted derivatives are also called pyrroles. (Web site)
3. As for petro-chemicals, these are simply derivatives of petroleum, itself a mixture of alkanes with some alkenes, as well as aromatic hydrocarbons. (Web site)

Imidazole

1. The imidazole ring of histidine is aromatic at all pH values. (Web site)
2. Purine (1) is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring.

Aliphatic

1. All aliphatic, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, acids, animal and vegetable oils. (Web site)
2. The description of radicals above also defines aliphatic, alicyclic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic radicals suitable as R.sub.1. (Web site)
3. Various strong acids are useful for catalyzing the alkylation of aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons with an olefin. (Web site)

Azo Compounds

1. The N=N group is called an azo or diimide functional group, and the R and R' groups of azo compounds are often aromatic or aliphatic. (Web site)
2. Azo compound - In chemistry, azo compounds generally have a molecular formula of the form R-N=N-R', in which R and R' can be either aromatic or aliphatic.
3. Treatment of aromatic nitro compounds with metal hydrides gives good yields of azo compounds. (Web site)

Organic Compounds

1. Typical gasoline also contains some other organic compounds - aromatic and other unsaturated hydrocarbons, organic ethers, amines and sulfoxides. (Web site)
2. Esters: Volatile, aromatic, organic compounds formed by the chemical interaction of the wine's alcohol, acids and other components during maturation. (Web site)
3. Aliphatic compounds are organic compounds which are not aromatic.

Hydrocarbons

1. Chemically, most biodiesel consists of alkyl (usually methyl) esters instead of the alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons of petroleum derived diesel.
2. Examples of such C.sub.6 -C.sub.9 aromatic hydrocarbons are benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene and the like. (Web site)
3. Hence, preferred solvents include the aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, etc. (Web site)

Amines

1. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom directly connected to an aromatic ring structure.
2. Aromatic amines include those monoamines wherein a carbon atom of the aromatic ring structure is attached directly to the amino nitrogen. (Web site)
3. Products include alkylbenzenes, anthraquinones, acrylic acid derivatives, and aromatic amines and aldehydes.

Aldehydes

1. The compounds are formed from aromatic aldehydes and amino or amino derivatives. (Web site)
2. Japan Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company deals with aromatic acids, amines and aromatic aldehydes.
3. Many aromatic aldehydes are contaminated with the corresponding carboxylic acid due to their oxidation in air.

Aromatic Substituent

1. Compounds in which the methylene group of a malonic acid ester contains an aromatic substituent.

Substituent

1. The term "arylalkoxy" refers to a group having the structure --O--R--Ar, where R is alkyl and Ar is an aromatic substituent.
2. Alternatively, an aromatic substituent such as an aryl group (phenyl group etc.) may be possessed. (Web site)
3. At least one of these substituents is an aromatic substituent which contains an imino nitrogen atom. (Web site)

Nitration

1. Aromatic nitration is a major method for the introduction of nitrogen into organic molecules.
2. These groups should be sufficiently inert to the nitration reaction so that they do not substantially interfere with the nitration of the aromatic ring. (Web site)
3. One problem with nitrating an aromatic amine is the protection of the amino group because nitration of primary aromatic amines yields unstable products.

Halogenation

1. C. to avoid ring halogenation when there is an aromatic ring in the compound. (Web site)
2. Using one equivalent of Br 2 there is no complication with halogenation of the aromatic ring of phenylalanine. (Web site)
3. Halogenation of aromatic compounds differs from the halogenation of alkenes, which do not require a Lewis Acid catalyst. (Web site)

Benzene Rings

1. Aromatic compound: An organic compound containing one or more benzene rings. (Web site)
2. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) This tutorial discusses a very important class of reaction that benzene rings undergo. (Web site)
3. Side chains which have pure hydrocarbon alkyl groups (alkane branches) or aromatic (benzene rings) are non-polar.

Fused

1. In this way, the bidentate substituent may give rise to a cyclic or polycyclic (e.g., fused, bridged, spiro) structure, which may be aromatic. (Web site)
2. The aryl can have one aromatic ring or can include up to 5 carbocyclic ring structures that are connected to or fused to the aromatic ring. (Web site)
3. These compounds may have a hetero atom-containing ring fused to the aromatic ring.

Anilines

1. Aromatic amines Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring as in anilines.
2. Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with hydrogen gas over a platinum catalyst gives anilines.
3. Aromatic nitro compounds are important intermediates to anilines by action of a reducing agent.

Aniline

1. Aromatic amines Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring as in aniline s.
2. Aromatic amines such as aniline are, in general, much weaker bases than aliphatic amines because of the electron-withdrawing effect of the phenyl group. (Web site)
3. More specifically, examples of the aromatic amine include aniline, phenylenediamine, pyridine, pyrimidine, 4-aminopyridine, melamine and the like. (Web site)

Sulfonation

1. Aromatic sulfonation of benzene with fuming sulfuric acid gives benzenesulfonic acid. (Web site)
2. Aromatic sulfonation: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,564 entries.
3. More particularly, alkylbenzenes may be converted to alkylphenylsulfonates by sulfonation of the aromatic ring with sulfuric acid.

Compound

1. The compound for which the amino group is a substituent may be, for example, an alkane, a heteroalkane, an alkene, a heteroalkene, or an aromatic compound. (Web site)
2. The process of the invention requires that an aromatic compound and an alkene be contacted together in the presence of the above catalyst. (Web site)
3. A group obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an aromatic compound, e.g. (Web site)

Amino Group

1. Primary aromatic amines are commonly prepared by nitrating an aromatic ring, then reducing the nitro group to an amino group.
2. The compound may have more than one amino group in a molecule and may have a hydroxy group or an aromatic ring. (Web site)
3. For example, nucleophilic fluorination of anilines, where the amino group adds to electron density of the aromatic ring is difficult to perform. (Web site)

Stability

1. Stability: The aromatic character of benzene infers an inherent stability to the system.
2. The most important characteristics of these reactions follow directly from the stability of the aromatic ring. (Web site)
3. The stability is attributed to conjugation between the aromatic ring and the phosphorus lone pair. (Web site)

Aromaticity

1. This property led to the term "aromatic" for this class of compounds, and hence the term "aromaticity" for the eventually-discovered electronic property.
2. Aromatic compounds react by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, in which the aromaticity of the ring system is preserved. (Web site)
3. This site also includes problems sets on arene nomenclature, aromaticity, electrophilic aromatic substitution, arene reactions and multi-step synthesis.

Ketones

1. A good method for the preparation of aromatic ketones is the Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with acyl chlorides or anhydrides. (Web site)
2. Acid chlorides are used as electrophiles in the Friedel-Crafts reaction to prepare aromatic ketones. (Web site)
3. However, the activities of the enzyme for other alkyl and aromatic ketones were relatively low.

Phenols

1. Identification of functional groups in: phenols, aromatic amines, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids. (Web site)
2. Phenols can have two or more hydroxy groups bonded to the aromatic ring(s) in the same molecule.
3. Phenols and aryl halides, nucleophilic aromatic substitution. (Web site)

Unsubstituted

1. The amino group bonded to the aromatic ring may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or two of the above-described alkyl radicals. (Web site)
2. Suitable alpha-olefins may be branched or straight chain, cyclic, and aromatic substituted or unsubstituted, and are preferably C 3 -C 16 alpha-olefins.
3. As used herein unless specified otherwise, "aryl" means an aromatic hydrocarbon ring (or fused rings) which is substituted or unsubstituted. (Web site)

Phenyl

1. As used herein, the term "aromatic radical" includes but is not limited to phenyl, pyridyl, furanyl, thienyl, naphthyl, phenylene, and biphenyl radicals. (Web site)
2. Such substituents can be aromatic groups such as phenyl and heteroaromatic groups, such as phenyl and their derivatives. (Web site)
3. Typical examples of such aromatic hydrocarbons are C6-14 aryl, including phenyl, biphenylyl, naphthyl (e.g.

Alkylation

1. Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the alkylation of an aromatic ring with an alkyl halide using a strong Lewis acid catalyst. (Web site)
2. Haloalkanes, alkenes, and alcohols can be used to achieve aromatic alkylation in the presence of a Lewis acid. (Web site)
3. This invention is also advantageous for the transalkylation of polyaromatics which were produced as by products in aromatic alkylation.

Carbon Atoms

1. The carbon atoms(s) in R or R' are suitably in aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic groups and the like and combinations thereof.
2. Suitable solvents include, for example, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile. (Web site)
3. Such monohydroxy compounds are preferably aliphatic or aromatic alcohols of from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkanol or an alkylphenol.

Monocyclic

1. Such groups may be monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic and have between 6 and 14 ring carbon atoms, in which at least one ring is aromatic. (Web site)
2. Aromatic hydrocarbons can be monocyclic or polycyclic.
3. Mixtures of two or more of these compounds can also be used and the aromatic compounds can be monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic compounds. (Web site)

Heterocyclic

1. The term "aryl" as used herein refers to a carbocyclic or heterocyclic, aromatic, 5-14 membered monocyclic or polycyclic ring.
2. Various compounds were suggested as being suited for alkylation and these include both the heterocyclic and aromatic ring compounds. (Web site)
3. The aryl group may be a single ring, a fused aromatic system or an aromatic ring fused to a cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring. (Web site)

Alicyclic

1. When A represents an organic amine, it is preferably a monoamine and may be an aliphatic, aromatic, alicyclic, heterocyclic or carbohydrate monoamine. (Web site)
2. The aliphatic group may be bonded to rings of from 5 to 6 members, which may be alicyclic, heterocyclic, or aromatic. (Web site)
3. Aryl groups can also be fused or bridged with alicyclic or heterocyclic rings which are not aromatic so as to form a polycycle (e.g., tetralin).

Phenol

1. A water solubilizing group may also be present, either bound to a leaving group or to the aromatic ring of the phenol or aniline. (Web site)
2. Water, alcohols, glycols, alkali, esters, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, phenol. (Web site)
3. The initial cyclohexadienone product immediately tautomerizes to a phenol, regaining the stability of the aromatic ring. (Web site)

Hydroxyl Group

1. Amino-phenol is one example of a compound wherein the aromatic ring is substituted with an hydroxyl group. (Web site)
2. In the present invention at least one hydroxyl group is placed on the at least one halogen substituted aromatic ring to be protected from reduction. (Web site)
3. Substituents other than the hydroxyl group on the aromatic ring are not desirable.

Aromatic Amino

1. Tyrosine, an essential amino acid, is also an aromatic amino acid and is derived from phenylalanine by hydroxylation in the para position. (Web site)
2. A Heterocyclic and Aromatic amino acid, similar to other organic compounds, which combine other elements into the carbon ring. (Web site)
3. Branched-chain and aromatic amino acid catabolism into aroma volatiles in Cucumis melo L. fruit.

Aromatic Amino Acids

1. Aromatic amino acids are amino acids which include an aromatic ring.
2. Aromatic amino acids contribute more to immunogenicity than non-aromatic (ex: tyrosine or phenylalanine).
3. These conditions include the availability of aromatic amino acids, the pH, oxygen levels, and the presence of ammonium salts.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

1. Its main use is for preliminary drying of alkyl and aryl halides, most esters, saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, and ethers.
2. These include aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as kerosene, benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like. (Web site)
3. Examples of "aryl" groups include, but are not limited to aromatic hydrocarbons such as a phenyl group or a naphthyl group.

Aromatic Hydrocarbon

1. Aromatic hydrocarbon s, also known as arene s, are hydrocarbons that have at least one aromatic ring.
2. The aromatic hydrocarbon of the above process is benzene, toluene, xylene, cumene, or mixtures thereof. (Web site)
3. The term "aryl" as used herein refers to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring system containing at least one aromatic ring. (Web site)

Naphthyl

1. The aromatic ring(s) can comprise phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, diphenylether, diphenylamine and benzophenone, among others. (Web site)
2. The aromatic radical can be monocyclic or polycyclic, such as phenyl or naphthyl. (Web site)
3. Examples of aromatic groups are phenyl, benzyl and naphthyl.

Categories

1. Encyclopedia of Keywords > Nature > Chemistry > Alkyl
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